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[50 Cents 




'-'' UB.LIPPINCOTT g^rO.^PHILADELPHI/^^ 

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MOTTO OF BENJAMIN- FRANKLIN: 
When 'tis fair, be sure and take your great-coat with you. 




Fire Insurance Company 



Csvpital - - - . . 

Csvsli Assets-*, .Tjniiifii-;^- 1st, l^-ra 



INCOME, 

Premiums, 

Interest Moneys, 
Dividends, etc., 

Received in 1872, 

$1,894,240.25. 




^400,000 00 

#3,303,0 -yl 10 



LOSSES 



Paid in 1872, 



$1,051,721.60. 



ALI'REI) ( ;. BAKER 
THOMAS SPARKS, 



'• Forewarned— Forearmed." 

ALFRED G. BAKER, President. 
TIIi:( ). M. REGER, Sixretary. (iEORGE lALES, VicE-1'RKSinKNT. 

SAML. ^V. KAV, Assistant Secrktakv. J. W. McALLISTER, 2n VicE-rREsiDENT. - 

DIRECTORS. 
GEO. W. RICHARDS, ISAAC LEA, GEORGE KALES, 

WM. S. GRANT, THOS. S. ELLIS, GUS. S. BENSON, 

ALFRED EITLER, [AS. W. McALLISTER. 
AMOS C. BLODGET, General Agent. 

DKPAKTMIiNT OK THK KAST — GEO. F. REGER, Mana.;kk, Philadelphia. 

P.RANCH OIFICK-JOHN F. VANDERCOOK, Masac.kh, No. 157 Broadway. New York City. 
DEPARTMF.NT OF THF. WK.S I -COFFIN & KELLOGG, Manaukns, Philadelphia. 
DF.PARTMENT OF THE SOl'TH.-J. "W. COCHRAN & SON, Managek^, Lexington, Ky. 

CENTRAL DEPARTMENT. 
Pi:.NNSYLVANIA.-THOMPSON, DERR & BRO., Statk Agents, "Wilkes-Barre. 
NEW JERSEY— VAN CAMP & WORTHINGTON, St.\te Acihnts, Trenton. 
MARYLAND— E. J. RICHARDSON & SONS, Statb Agents, Baltimore. 

Tlu' Ai'ini'; ,,f tills Cniiinnnv iIn..nL;li"ni tin- United Stales number nearly ONE THOUSAND. 



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PHlUDELPHiA AND ITS EMIHONS. 





VIEW LOOKING UP THE DELAWARE RIVER. 



P' 



(HILADELPHIA, the second city in the Union in 
point of population, and the largest in area, was 
laid out by William Penn in 1682. 

The site was chosen by him because, as he says, " It 
"^^^ - seemed appointed for a town, because of its coves, docks, 

springs, and lofty land." The visitor now wonders where all these primeval advantages 
could have been. 

The Indian name of the place was " Co-a-que-na-que," or " Coaquanock." 
The original town-plot, as we gather from history, was a plain, nearly level, and high enough 
to make it dry and healthful. A few streams of water crossed parts of it, and there were a few 
hills and ravines, all of which disappeared long ago. 

The original plan of the city contained nine streets running from the Delaware to the 
Schuylkill, crossed by twenty-one running north and south. In the centre was a square of 
ten acres, and in each quarter of the city one of eight acres, for public promenades and 
athletic exercises. This plan, so far as the arrangement of the streets is concerned, is still 
substantially adhered to. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



The streets running east and west were, with the exception of High Street, named after 
native trees. They were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High, Chesnut [sic), Walnut, Spruce, 
Pine, and Cedar. Of these. Sassafras and Mulberry are now called Race and Arch, High is 
Market, and Cedar, South Street. The streets intersecting these were numbered from each 
river to Broad Street, which, in the original plan, was in the middle of the plot, the western 
series being distinguished by the clumsy afifi.x of "Schuylkill," as "Schuylkill Front," 
"Schuylkill Second," etc., until a comparatively recent period, when their nomenclature was 
reconstructed on more euphonious principles. 

The city proper was confined within these narrow limits from the date of its incorporation 
by Penn, in 1701, until 1854, when the Legislature, commiserating its overcrowded condition, — 
wedged in, as it was, among its lusty children, Kensington, (iermantown. Northern Liberties, 




MADISON SQlJAKi:. 



West Philadelphia, Southwark, and the rest, — took them all in at one grasp, and incorporated 
the whole County of Philadelphia, — a territory twenty-three miles long and averaging five and 
a half broad, having an area of one hundred and twenty square miles. The city has now 
plenty of elbow-room, and permission to grow as fast and as large as it pleases; a privilege 
of which it is not slow to take advantage, as the hundreds of Ijuilding-permits issued monthly, 
and the solid squares of dwellings rising simultaneously from the ground on all the outskirts, 
bear ample testimony. 

The original city, with its crowded buildings and noisy streets, is fast yielding to the demands 
of commerce. The vicinity of the sjiot where it was begun, — Front Street, from Walnut to 
Arch, — though bustling and noisy enough during business hours, is a perfect desolation after 
six o'clock, and the thousands who throng there all day long are miles away, resting, most of 
them, in comfortable homes, with jilenty of living-room al)out them. There is no swarming 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



in tenement houses, whole villages under one roof, and large families in one room, as in 
New York. 

The advancing tide of commerce and trade, ever surging westward from the Delaware, has 
already swept over Broad Street in the centre of the city, driving the dwellings of the people 
before it. Market Street is lined with shops and warehouses from river to river ; Chestnut 
is invaded as far as Fifteenth Street, and Arch beyond Tenth ; while north and south traffic 
extends, on certain streets, to the limits of the built-up city. 

This disposition to give her citizens comfortable homes is Philadelphia's greatest pride and 
glory. With a population less than that of New York, she has more houses. The poorest of 
the poor are scarcely compelled to live in quarters too small for them, and every mechanic 
can have a house to himself on payment of a moderate rental. 

Madison Square and St. Alban's Place, on Gray's Ferry Road, are instances of what can be 




ST. ALBAN S PLACE. 



done toward providing tasteful homes for the people. In each, two rows of houses, moderate 
in size, but built with an eye to substantial comfort, face each other across a wide street, which, 
however, is not designed for carriages. All down the middle of it stretches a miniature park, 
where flowers bloom and fountains sparkle, and on either side of it there is ample room for 
children to play and adults to pass. The families move in and the marketing is sent home 
through alleys at the back of the houses, leaving the street in front to serve as a common 
garden for the dwellers on its borders. 

This is a recent improvement upon the former style of buildings of this class, and one for 
which the city is indebted to C. M. S. Leslie, whose name deserves to be recorded as that of 
a public benefactor. 

But, as we have remarked above, the plan of the city, as it existed in the mind of its founder, 
contemplated an abundance of room ; and this is the legitimate outgrowth of Penn's idea, 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



which has never been permitted to die out entirely. His magnificent Centre Square shrank, 
indeed, to the comparatively diminutive Penn Squares, and even these have been recently 
stripped of their trees, in preparation for the splendid municipal building about to be erected 
at the intersection of Broad and Market Streets; but these same Broad and Market Streets 
retain their pristine width ; the former of 113 feet, the latter of 100. The four squares in the 
four quarters of the city are still in existence, and, though long condemned to obscurity 
and neglect, they are now restored, and fulfilling their intended mission as "the lungs of 
the city." 

Washington Square is at Sixth and Walnut Streets ; close beside what was once the State- 
House Yard, now called Independence Square, in grateful remembrance that in it liberty was 
first proclaimed to the people. 

Washington Square was once a " Potter's field." Many soldiers, victims of the smallpox 
and camp fever, were buried here during the Revolution. The ground under the waving trees 
and springing grass, where the birds sing and the children play, is literally " full of dead men's 
bones," but the grass is no less green, the sunshine no less bright, on that account, and the 
dead sleep none the less peacefully, for the life above them. 

" The knights' bones are dust, 
And their swords are rust ; 
Their souls are with the saints, we trust." 



At Eighteenth and Walnut Streets is Rittenhouse Square, and at Eighteenth and Race is 
Logan Square, the site of the great Sanitary Fair in 1864, when the entire square was roofed 
over and boarded up, the trunks of the trees standing as pillars in the aisles of the huge 
building, and their branches waving far above the roof. 

Franklin Square, at Sixth and Race, also long used as a burying-ground, completes the 
original number, and is rendered more attractive than the others by a large fountain, which 
plays daily during the summer. 

These, with the addition of Independence Square, are the most important in the city ; but 
there are about half a dozen smaller ones in different sections, and we must devote a 
separate chapter to that grand brcathing-phicc, Fairmount Park, — a resort unsurpassed 
in America. 

Penn first set foot on the site of liis future city at the " Blue Anchor Landing," at the mouth 

of Dock Creek, in the vi- 
cinity of what is now the 
corner of Front and Dock 
Streets ; where stood the 
" Blue Anchor Tavern," — 
the first house built within 
the ancient limits of the 
city. Then, and long after- 
wards, Dock Creek was a 
considerable stream ; Penn 
counted on it to furnish a 
natural canal to the heart 
of the town, and it was used 
for that purpose at first, 
but the water became so 
offensive, and the mud and 
washings of the city, which the current was too sluggish to remove, filled it up so rapidly, that 
it was finally arched over, and wagons now run where boats formerly floated, and the visitor 
to the venerable Girard Bank, on Third Street, below Chestnut, sees little to remind him that 







raiLADKi.rniA as penn first saw it. the klue anchor i.andinc. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



on the site of this stately pile a sloop, "loaded with rum from Barbadoes," once lay and 
discharo-ed her cargo. And this explains the anomaly of the winding Dock Street in the 
midst of the primly-drawn right lines of the ancient town : the street was constructed over a 
winding creek. 

The Blue Anchor Tavern was the beginning of Philadelphia, but other houses were in 
progress before it was finished ; Front Street was soon opened, and building followed its line. 
The first winter was passed by many of the inhabitants in caves dug in the river-bank, they 
having no time to build houses before the coming of cold weather. Log houses, however, 
soon became numerous enough to shelter all the people ; and the growth of the city, beginning 
thus on the Delaware, pushed gradually north, south, and west, until it became what we now 
see it. Dock Creek, as we have seen, was obliterated. " Society Hill," in the neighborhood 
of Front and Pine, where Alderman Plumstead had his hanging-garden, and Whitefield, at a 
later day, preached to fifteen thousand people, was razed, as was also the high bluff on the 
Delaware bank which Penn was so anxious to preserve as a public promenade forever, 
ordering that no houses should be built east of Front Street. All that remains of the bluff 
is an occasional flight of stairs leading up from Water to Front Street. Arch Street was sunk 
so low in a ravine that Front Street crossed it by an arched bridge, whence it derived its 
name ; but bridge and ravine are both gone now. So is the Duck Pond at Fourth and 
Market, into which the tide flowed, and in which boys caught fish that had found their way 
there from the Delaware ; and so is Pegg's Run, once a considerable stream running from a 
spring in Spring Garden Street, near Sixth (whence the name of the former), through a marsh, 
to its junction with the Delaware, in the neighborhood of Noble Street. All these were once 
landmarks, but the present generation scarcely knows their names. 



THE STREETS. 



Philadelphia grew too fast and in too many directions at once, to permit either its business 
or its objects of interest to be collected in one quarter, or to follow a uniform line of position. 
The stranger visiting the city cannot walk up town, guide-book in hand, and see all that is to 
be seen, in a morning walk ; nor can we direct him how to gather all the attractive points in 
a single route. The best we can do is to give him an idea of the arrangement of the streets, 
and tell him where the points he will probably wish to see are located. Our map will then 
enable him to find them easily. 

All the streets running north and south are iiiunbered from a base-line which is best 
described by saying that it is one square east of Front Street. In the original city, this 
is the Delaware ; but the stream curves both above and below these limits, and so streets 
east of that line are found in Kensington, Richmond, Southwark, and other parts of the 
present city. 

The houses are numbered alternately, — even numbers on the south side of the street, odd 
numbers on the north. Front Street being No. i, the house next west of it is No. loo. At 
Second Street, though the first loo is not exhausted, a second series begins ; and in this way 
one can always tell between what north-and-south-running streets he is. If the number of the 
nearest house is 836, for instance, he knows that Eighth Street is east of him, and that the next 
street west is Ninth. 

The regular succession of the numbered streets is interfered with in the vicinity of the 
Schuylkill by the winding course of that stream, which at Market Street causes a hiatus from 
Twenty-third to Thirtieth Streets. As, however, Thirtieth Street follows the western bank of 
the river, it forms a convenient means of distinguishing the location of a given address, as 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



everything west of Thirtieth Street (and consequently, all houses numbered over 3000, in this 
direction) must be in West Philadelphia. 

Some unimportant exceptions to the rule just stated may be noticed in the way of named 
streets running north and south ; but there arc few ; and being, with the exception of Franklin 
Street, and perhaps one or two others, little better than alleys, they arc not likely to mislead 
the visitor. But there are no exceptions to the rule that all streets running east and ivest have 
names, instead of numbers. 




» 11, \, i >.\ .i.\ixKi.r SI Kr.1.1 , 



Market Street is always considered as a point ot departure in reckoning these streets. It is, 
indeed, the base-line of the city. From it the houses are numbered north and south, and it is 
the grand business centre, — the great artery, lying in the middle of the body corporate, and 
sending its streams of human and commercial life to all parts, not only of the metropolis, but 
of the State. This was the " High Street" of Penn and his successors, and its magnificent 
width was first made available to accommodate a line of market-houses which the founders 
of the place early provided for. The encroachments of commerce swept these out of 
existence long ago, but not until they had givt-n the street its new name. It is one 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



hundred feet wide, and, like Broad, runs in a perfectly straight line from one side of the 
city to the other. 

As in the streets running east and west, so in those running north and south, the houses are 
numbered alternately, even numbers on the west, odd numbers on the east; and certain streets 
are designated as boundaries of the hundreds ; for, when the city came to be closely built up, 
it was found that Penn's magnificent plan was on too grand a scale for practical purposes, and 
what might be termed intercalary streets had to be introduced. Another reason for these 
intermediate streets is that, as the city grew beyond its pristine limits, it became necessary to 
deflect the streets from a right line in order to accommodate them to the ground to be covered, 
as its shape was determined by the curving banks of the two rivers ; and still another reason 
may be found in the failure of those who laid out the suburbs before mentioned to foresee the 
day when their infant colonies would be swallowed up by the young giant in their midst. 
They never expected them to be made part of Philadelphia, and saw no reason why their 
streets should conform to others just starting two or three miles away. 

After all, though, the streets forming the "even hundreds" are, with few exceptions, the 
principal ones, and are easily recognized, even without the assistance of the lists which may 
be obtained at any hotel. 

A few notable exceptions to the rectangular plan of the streets stretch away from the 
original town-plot, crossing lots as recklessly as if made by schoolboys impatiently taking the 
nearest way to chestnut-grove or huckleberry-patch, in the far-away past, and leading to the 
very confines of the city. These are the remains of highways built to connect Philadelphia 
with the outlying towns around her. They were formerly called roads ; and even now, though 
polite usage styles them "avenues," the homely phrase of the common folk clings to the old 
title, and it will be long before " Ridge Avenue " will be as familiar to the genuine Philadelphian 
as the " Ridge Road " of his boyhood. There is a local pride in keeping up the old names, — 
a certain home feeling, a familiarity born of old associations, which one does not willingly 
surrender. "Ridge Avenue" has a grandiloquent sound, well calculated to tickle the ears 
of "outside barbarians," and quite good enough for them; but what do they know 
about "Ridge Road"? "Ridge Avenue" leads to Manayunk and the valley of the 
Schuylkill, but "Ridge Road," or its still dearer form, "the Ridge," leads back into 
the recesses of every true Philadelphian 's memory. Think you he will easily vacate 
this highway to the past ? 

Another of these historic avenues leads to Germantown ; one goes to Frankford ; another to 
Darby ; Passyunk Avenue starts from South below Fifth, and runs southwest to Point Breeze ; 
while others, again, are to be found in different parts of the city, running in all imaginable 
directions, as they were located by and for the public convenience. 



RELICS OF THE PAST. 



Philadelphia might with propriety be termed the Historical City of the Union, as it contains 
more souvenirs of our early history than any other. The oldest of these relics of antiquity, 
or what passes for antiquity in this emphatically A'^^w World, is the Old Swedes' Church, in 
Southwark, the ancient Wicaco. 

This venerable edifice was built in 1700, to take the place of a log structure which was erected 
in 1677 and served equally well for church or fort, as the exigencies of those somewhat 
uncertain times might demand. The present church is of brick, and is still regularly used. 
It stands in a cemetery where gravestones of all dates, from 1700, and the years immediately 
following, down to yesterday, may be seen ; though most of the oldest stones are so weather- 



8 . PHILADELPHIA AA'I) ITS PMVA'OAS. 



worn that their inscriptions are partially or completely illegible. The building stands on 

Swanson Street, below Christian, but looks toward Otsego Street, from which it is reached 
by passing through the cemetery. Visitors can take Second and Third Street cars to 
Christian. 

Another relic, whose genuineness is established by Watson in his "Annals," is Penn's 
cottage in Lctitia Street, a small street running from Market to Chestnut, between Front and 
Second. This house was built for Penn's use, probably before his arrival in the settlement, 
and has, curiously enough, withstood the march of improvement which has swept away many 
more pretentious structures. It is a little two-story brick house, on the west side of the street, 
a few doors south of Market, and is now the " William Penn Hotel." 

A few steps from this, on the southwest corner of Front and Market Streets, is a small brick 
house, whose unique appearance attracts one's attention even before he knows that there is 
anything remarkable about it. It is now used as a tobacco-store ; but a hundred years ago it 
was the celebrated " London Coffee-House," where all the dignitaries of the city were accus- 
tomed to meet and — oh, primeval simplicity ! — fill the exhilarating cup, and pledge each other 
in — piping hot coffee. No stronger drink was sold there. The house was built in 1702, and 
was used as a dwelling-house for the first fifty years of its existence. 

No. 239 Arch Street, though a more modern building, is also noticeable as the place where 
the first American flag was made. 

On Second Street, north of Market, stands Christ Church, on the site of the first church 
erected by the followers of Penn. Tradition says that the frame church built by them in 1695 
was used as a place of worship until the walls of the new building inclosed it and were roofed 
over, when the old church was taken down and carried out piecemeal. The present edifice 
was begun in 1727, and finished by the raising of the steeple in 1753-4. It is a solemn old 
place, — ^just the spot for one to think in and recall the many associations connected with it. 
The noisy street in front was quiet enough when the builders of this church walked solemnly 
to meeting on the Sabbath. It was grand enough, too, when Washington's gorgeous chariot, 
drawn by four elegant long-tailed bays, drew up before the church, and its stately master stepped 
inside through a waiting crowd of his admiring countrymen. The marble slabs in the yard 
have been worn smooth by the feet of those whom our country delights to honor. In the aisles 
are buried John Penn, Dr. Richard Peters, Robert Asheton, and many others, great men in 
their day, but all forgotten now. The bells in this high tower are said to be the oldest on this 
side of the Atlantic, — certainly the oldest chime. They joined in the pivan with which the 
State-House bell announced the birth of Liberty, and fled, like many of the congregation that 
worshiped below them, when it became evident that the city could not hold out against the 
enemy; but, like the congregation, they returned when the enemy was gone, and were not a 
whit disheartened by their exile. 

These bells, eight in number, were cast in London. Their leader, the tenor, says, " Christ 
Church, Philadelphia, 1754. Thomas Lester and Thomas Peck, of London, made us all." 
They were brought over, free of charge, by Captain Budden, in the ship " Myrtilla," and never 
failed thereafter to ring a joyous welcome whenever the captain's ship was seen coming up the 
river. One was cracked about 1834-5 and returned to its birthplace, White Chapel Bell 
Foundry, where Thomas Mears, the successor of Messrs. Lester and Peck, recast it and sent 
it back with an appropriate inscription. A tablet in the ringers' room records the fact that 

"On Sunday. June 9, 1850, was rung in this Steeple Mr. Holt's celebrated ten-part |5cal of Grandsire 
triples, consisting of 5040 changes, in 3 hours and 15 minutes, by [eight performers], being the first peal of 
change-ringing ever performed in the United States." 

The massive timbers which uphold these bells arc as sound as when put in, a century ago, 
and look as if they were good for another century, at least. 

The steeple of this church is one hundred and ninety-six feet in height, and the view from 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



the outlook, which is probably one hundred and fifty feet from the ground, is beautiful enough 
to repay visitors for all the risk they run of cracked crowns and broken necks in ascending 
the dark and tortuous stairs. The Delaware, with its puffing steamers and white-sailed ships, 
lies almost at the feet of the spectator, and is spread like a panorama for miles and miles. 
Away to the south a gleaming line indicates the junction of the two rivers, at League Island. 
Nearer the eye, the masts of Uncle Sam's big ships at the Navy Yard are displayed ; ferry-boats 
steam steadily across the river ; and restless tugs ply up and down, convoying vessels a dozen 
times their size, or dash about in search of a tow ; all the wharves are crowded with vessels of 
all sizes, from the great ocean steamer to the diminutive " tub," and all the river is white with 
arriving and departing sails. Smith's and Windmill Islands lie in midstream almost opposite, 
and Petty's Island lies a short distance above. Near it a cloud of dust and a forest of masts 
mark the great coal-shipping port of the Reading Railroad, at Richmond ; and beyond the 
river ripples and sparkles until lost in the hazy distance. 

Across the river are Camden and Gloucester, and behind them the level sands of New Jersey 
stretch away, so flat and unbroken by anything that would obstruct the vision that it requires 
no great stretch of the imagination to believe that with a glass of moderate power one might 
see the waves of the Atlantic, sixty miles away as the crow flies. 

Inland, the eye ranges over the entire city, from League Island on the south, to and beyond 
Germantown, on the north, and from the Delaware to points far west of the Schuylkill. Second 
Street, the longest built-up street in the city, runs straight as an arrow to the northward, until 
its course is lost among the trees in the suburbs. Dozens of church spires rise into the air, the 
tall white stand-pipe of the Kensington Water-works standing conspicuous among them on 
the Delaware side of the city, matched by that of the Twenty-fourth Ward Works on the west 
side of the Schuylkill. To the northwest, Girard College stands boldly out ; the Moorish 
dome of the Broad Street Jewish Synagogue rises south of it ; and almost due west of the 
spectator the massive bulk of the Masonic Temple, and the graceful spires, brown and 
white, of the churches at Broad and Arch, mark the spot which is destined to contain, in 
the near future, a collection of architectural triumphs unrivaled in the city. Bits of green, 
set here and there among the crowding houses, indicate the public squares ; and beyond 
all the eye rests delighted on the leafy richness of Fairmount Park and of the open country 
in the suburbs. 

Nor must we overlook a small street opening into Second Street, directly opposite the church, 
and a tall block of warehouses closing up its eastern end ; for these were Stephen Girard's 
stores and houses, and all the land about them belonged to him. 

Christ Church belongs to the Protestant Episcopal denomination. Two services are held in 
it on Sunday, and it is open for prayers on Wednesday and Friday at ii A.M., at which times 
it may be visited. 

The great elm-tree under which William Penn made his famous treaty with the Indians was 
at Shackamaxon (now Kensington), — a name still preserved in the nomenclature of the streets 
in that vicinity. The silent witness of "the only treaty ever ratified without an oath, and the 
only one never broken," stood for more than a century. It was a favorite resort in summer 
time ; the citizens sat under its branches, and whole congregations worshiped in its shade ; 
but in 1810 it was blown down, and nothing now remains to mark the place where it stood but 
an insignificant monument, which none but a sharp eye can discover. It stands on the east 
side of Beach Street, a few steps north of Hanover (which is marked Columbia Street on 
most maps). A large sign, " Penn Treaty Marine Railway," hangs almost directly over the 
spot, and is the surest guide to it. The visitor who has imbibed the popular fallacy that the 
streets of Philadelphia are straight, and cross each other at right angles, has only to visit 
Kensington to be thoroughly and permanently cured of that idea. If he can make his way, 
unassisted, from any business centre to the site of the famous Treaty Tree, without becoming 
hopelessly bewildered, he will do for a backwoodsman. All others should take the Second 
and Third Street cars to Hanover Street. They will then have but one square to walk. 



nilLADELPIIIA AND ITS ENVIROXS. 



The stone, which is not noticeable from across the street, stands in an inclosure just large 
enough to hold it, in the midst of stone and lumber yards, and in the shade of a tall elm 
which may possibly be a lineal descendant of the one whose site it shades. 

An interesting relic of our early history, and one whose disappearance every true Philadel- 

phian must regret, was Penn's Mansion, the "Old 
Slate-Roof House," — so called because at the time it 
was built it was the only structure covered with that 
material in the city. This house, which stood on 
Second Street, below Chestnut, was built by Samuel 
Carpenter, at a very early date, and was used as a 
residence by Penn on the occasion of his second visit 
to this country, in 1700, at which time he brought his 
family with him. Here John Penn, the only member 
of the family born on American soil, and called for 
that reason "the American," was born, one month 
after the arrival of the family. Here Governor Lloyd, 
one of Penn's companions, a descendant — according 
to tradition — of Aleric, who bore one of the four 
golden shields before Arthur when he was crowned 
king at Caerleon, himself the heir to great estates, 
and an early deputy-governor of Pennsylvania, was 
a frequent visitor. Here Isaac Norris, the first of a 
still honorable house, and Isaac his son and successor in the Speakership of the Provincial 
Assembly, were frequent guests. Here, in later times. General Forbes, Braddock's successor, 
died ; and still later, General Harry Lee was also buried from the house, while Washington, 
Hancock, Reed, Dickinson, the elder Adams, and their contemporaries often honored the 
old mansion by their presence. 

Afterwards its glory departed. It sank lower and lower in the scale of respectability, until 




ri{K I'ENN ]KKA1\ 




nil. OLD .SL.\TK-K()()I' IIOISK. 



at last, having become a mere shell and hollow mockery of its former greatness, it was torn 
down, in 1867, to make room for the splendid building of the Commercial Exchange, which 
stands on its site. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



On the south side of Chestnut Street, about midway between Third and Fourth Streets, an 
iron railing guards the passage-way to a building which deserves more than any other the 
proud title of the Cradle of American Independence. It is Carpenters' Hall, the place where. 




IXIJEPEXDEXCE HALL. 



as an inscription on the wall proudly testifies, " Henry, Hancock, and Adams inspired the 
Delegates of the Colonies with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils of War ; " the place where the 
first Continental Congress met, and where the famous "first prayer in Congress " was delivered 
by Parson Duche on the morning after the news of the bombardment of Boston had been 
received, and men knew that the war was indeed " inevitable." The old man's prayer brought 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



tears to the eyes of even the grave and passionless Quakers who were present, and the voices 
which had opposed the proposition to open the sessions of Congress with prayer were never 
raised for that purpose again. Here the first Provincial Assembly held its sittings, to be 




succeeded by the British troops, and afterwards by tlic tirsl liiited States Hank, and still later 
by the Bank of Pennsylvania. 

Built in 1770, Carpenters' Hall was at first intended only for the uses of the Society ot 
Carpenters, by whom it was founded. Its central location, however, caused it to be used for the 
meetings of delegates to the Continental Congress, and for other public purposes; and when 
no longer needed for these, it jnissed from tenant to tenant, until it degenerated into an auction 
room. Then the Company of Cariienters. taking patriotic counsel, resumed control of it, fitted 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



13 



it up to represent as nearly as might be its appearance in Revolutionary days, and now keeps 
it as a sacred relic. The walls are hung with interesting mementos of the times that tried 
men's souls. The door is always open to the patriotic visitor. 

Little need be said of Independence Hall, for it is known wherever America herself is 
known, and its history is a familiar one to every schoolboy. Commenced in 1729, and com- 
pleted in 1735, the State-House is most intimately associated in the American mind with the 
date 1776. In the east room of the main building (Independence Hall proper) the second 
Continental Congress met, and there, on the 4th of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence 
was adopted, and from the steps leading into Independence Square, then the State-House Yard, 
it was read to the multitude assembled by the joyful pealing of the bell overhead, — the same 
bell which now, cracked and useless, but with its grand, prophetic motto still intact, rests in 
state in the entrance hall. And in Congress Hall, in the second story, Washington delivered 
his farewell address. 

Independence Hall is preserved as befits the glorious deed that was done in it. The furniture 
is the same as that used by Congress ; portraits of our country's heroes crowd the walls, and 
relics of our early history are everywhere. The building stands on the south side of Chestnut 
Street, between Fifth and Sixth. The three isolated buildings which stood here in 1776 are 
now connected, others having been built in the spaces between them, and the entire square 
is now used for court-rooms and offices connected with them, and has a local reputation as 
" State-House Row." It is, however, proposed to restore the buildings as nearly as possible 
to their original condition before the Centennial Anniversary. 

Visitors are admitted to Independence Hall between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. daily. The Superintend- 
ent will, on application, furnish tickets 
admitting the bearer to the steeple, from 
which a splendid panoramic view of the 
entire city can be had. 

The wide sidewalk in front of State- 
House Row is paved with slate, which 
forms an admirable pavement, and is 
ornamented with trees. Two drinking- 
fountains represent one of Philadelphia's 
noblest charities, and a statue of Wash- 
ington guards the place whose memor) 
is so inseparably linked with his own. 

Still another memento connected with 
the Declaration of Independence exists. 
It is, or, rather, was, " Hiltzheimer's New 
House," once Jefferson's boarding-house, 
and the place where he wrote the im- 
mortal Declaration. It is a plain, thrcc- 
story brick building, on the southwest 
corner of Seventh and Market Streets. 
The lower floor is now a clothing depot, 
and the upper ones are used for various 
business purposes. 

Another shrine which the patriotic pil- 
grim will not fail to visit is Franklin's grave 
corner of Fifth and Arch 




KKANKI.IN'S (iRAVE. 



It is in the graveyard ot Christ Church, on the 
A section of iron railing in the brick wall on Arch Street permits 
the visitor to look upon the plain slab which, in accordance with Franklin's wishes, covers all 
that remains of the philosopher-statesman and his wife. 



14 



PIIILADELPIIIA AND ITS EA'VIRONS. 



MARKET STREET. 

Markht Street, from river to river, is the -rand enttrpot of inland and foreign commerce. 

Its magnificent width affords ample room and great facilities for the moving of heavy 
goods; railway tracks are laid down in it, running directly into numerous depots and 
warehouses, and whole cargoes of merchandise are thus daily sent from the warehouse 
direct to distant points. 




VIEW ON MAKKICI blKl.i:i— J. I!. 1.1 1'I'l NCOTT \ LO.'.S I'lHI.ISlll N<i HOUSE. 

A walk along this street shows many fine buildings, but few of special ncu-. We have 
already alluded to the Old London Coffec-House, on the corner of Front and Market; to 
Penn's House, in Lctitia Street, and to Christ Church, in Second Street, above Market. 

Second Street presents in itself a peculiar feature of the city, which the visitor should not 
fail to see. It is to Philadelphia what the Bowery is to New York. Of great length, and 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



15 



running in an almost undeviatingly straight line from the northern to the southern portions of 
the city, it is hned with miles of retail stores of the humbler class, placed with a most supreme 
disregard for the fitness of things. Hardware, clothing, grocery, confectionery, dry-goods, 
and almost every other conceivable species of store, follow each other with as little regularity 
as the scenes in a kaleidoscope ; and mingled with them, as if to make the variety as complete 
as possible, are a few wholesale houses, two or three " museums " and " menageries," and the 
omnipresent beer-saloons. 

But, interesting though Second Street is, we cannot linger long here, but must return to the 
busy, bustling scenes of Market Street. Of the many large business houses on this street, we 
make special mention of the estabhshments of Garden & Co., extensive dealers in hats, whose 
tall white building is a conspicuous object on Market above Sixth, and that of J. B. Lippin- 
cott & Co., one of the largest publishing houses in the world. This establishment is older 




J. B. LIPPINXOTT & CO.'S PRINTING-OFFICE AND BIXDKRV. 



than the present century, and has risen with the city, from a small beginning to its present 
mammoth proportions. Their Printing-Office and Bindery, on Filbert Street, in the rear of 
the store, is one of the largest and most substantial buildings in the city. 

The new mammoth dry-goods estabhshment of Hood, Bonbright & Co., on Market Street, 
above Eighth, is also worthy of special notice. 

A good hotel, at a moderate price, will be found in the Bingham House, the third in size in 
the city. This house is on the corner of Eleventh and Market, and, as shown in the cut, 
covers a great extent of ground. 

The square of ground opposite the Bingham House, and bounded by Chestnut, Market, 
Eleventh and Twelfth, is one of the monuments of Philadelphia's most munificent benefactor, 
Stephen Girard. This gentleman left the whole of his enormous wealth to the city of Phila- 



i6 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



delphia, excepting some minor bequests, amounting, in the aggregate, to between three and 
four hundred thousand dollars. 

The best known of the trusts established by Mr. Girard's will is the celebrated Giracd College, 
spoken of in another place. Another was the square of ground above described, which is now 
covered with buildings, and thus tends by its rentals to reduce materially the city taxes. 

Another princely bequest of Mr. Girard's was about eighteen thousand acres of coal and 
timber lands in Schuylkill and Columbia Counties. Of this territory it is estimated that five 
thousand five hundred acres is coal land. With the exception of a small amount mined by 
Stephen Girard himself, very early in the history of coal-mining, these magnificent deposits 

were untouched until 1863, when they 
were developed, and found to be among 
the best anthracite coal lands in the 
State. There are now eleven collieries 
located on the Girard lands, producing 
five hundred thousand tons of coal an- 
nually. 

Mr. Girard also bequeathed to the 
city four thousand seven hundred and 
seventy-five acres of land in what is 
now Hart County, Kentucky ; and this 
has also proved a source of revenue. 

Immediately opposite a portion of the 
Girard Sc[uare, on the northeast corner 
of Twelfth and Market, is a huge build- 
ing known as the "Farmers' Market." 
This was built by the associated farmers, 
who, considering themselves aggrieved 
by the manner in which the public mar- 
kets were conducted, resolved to build 
a house for themselves; and wc cannot 
regret the quarrel, since it has given us 
this fine and convenient building. 

Two other market-houses, similarly 
constructed, are situated farther west 
on this street. 

The extensive Freight Depot of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Co. is located at 
Thirteenth and Market, and that of the 
West Chester Railroad at Eighteenth 
and Market. Extensive gas works are 
situated at Twenty-third and Market. 
The Market Street Bridge, a commodious but unsightly structure, does good service in 
transporting goods and passengers to the w-cstern division of the city. All the merchandise 
and nearly all the passengers for the Pennsylvania Railroad and its numerous branches 
must cross this bridge ; having done which, they speedily arrive at the company's two 
depots, occupying the square on the north side of Market, between Thirty-first and Thirty- 
second. 

Market Street is fast pushing its way westward. Already its line of horse-cars runs to Forty- 
first Street, while a branch extends to Haddington, on the western verge of the city. 

This line of cars runs to the celebrated Kirkbride Lunatic Asylum, otherwise known as the 
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. The institution is located on a farm of one hundred 
and eleven acres, the entrance-gate being on Haverford Road. About one-third of the grounds 




nuOIJ, KOMiRIGHT A CO. S l)KV-(;()ODS HOUSE. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIPONS. 



17 



is laid out in gardens and pleasure-grounds, and the whole estate is fitted up in the manner 
most calculated to attract and interest the patients. The treatment is such that the mind is 




1; IN Gil AM HOUSE. 



kept constantly employed, and the patients are restored to health, if at all, by kindness and 
iudicious treatment, instead of enduring the mad-house horrors so common in the last century. 




\IE\V DOWN MARKET STREET, FROM TWELFTH. 



Permits to visit the asylum can be obtained at the office of the Public Ledger, Sixth and 
Chestnut Streets. 



i8 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



CHESTNUT STREET. 

The stranger visiting Philadelphia will naturally consider Chestnut Street as the represent- 
ative of the city. Its noble buildings, its handsome stores, and especially the crowds which 
at all times throng its sidewalks, induce him to associate the idea of Philadelphia with this 
single street; and it is this which presents itself to his mind's eye whenever the city is after- 
wards named in his hearing. 

Let us in imagination traverse the entire length of the street, and note its objects of interest. 

Starting from the Delaware front of the city, at Chestnut Street Wharf, where the Wilmington 
steamers land, we turn our faces westward, pass through the tide of commerce which ever 
flows along Delaware Avenue, on the river bank, and climb the rather steep grade leading up 
to Front Street, which still presents a reminder of William Pcnn's " high and dry bank." 




CHK.STNL'T STREKT HKlDdli. 



The lofty fronts of wholesale dry-goods houses, which line both sides of the street as far as 
Third Street, together with the narrow sidewalks, make this portion of it seem narrow and 
gloomy, though the roadway is of uniform width from end to end. At Second Street we 
make a diversion to the left, and in a moment stand before the Chamber of Commerce, the 
new and handsome hall of the Commercial Exchange. This building, which is of brown 
stone, in the Roman-Gothic style, was built in 1870, on the site of the first Exchange, which 
was destroyed by fire about a year before, while still in its first youtli, and which was the 
noble successor of what was, in its time, a noble mansion, — the "Slate-Roof House," already 
spoken of. 

Immediately ojjposite the Chamber of Commerce stands a plain brick liuilding, chiefly con- 
spicuous from its great size and severe simplicity of style. This contains the United States 
Appraiser's Stores, and is noted as being, in the opinion of Mr. Mullet, the Government 
Supervising Architect, the only really fire-proof building in America. Its brick walls are of 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



19 



enormous thickness, and the windows are protected by iron shutters, set in niches so deep 
that no fire can warp them open. Inside, all is of iron and brick, coated with fire-proof 
cement where necessary, and so arranged that the entire contents of one room may burn 
without injuring anything contained in the adjoining apartments. 

The building is 74 feet front by 247 feet in depth, and is five stories high, exclusive of the 
basement. It occupies the site of the old Pennsylvania Bank building, the marble of which 
that structure was composed having been built into the vaults, in default of a purchaser, thus 
presenting the anomaly of a massive foundation of marble placed under a brick building, 
and that, too, at a cost much less than that of ordinary stone. 




VIEW ON THIRD STREET. 



This building is quite new, having been finished in the fall of 187 1. It was designed with 
an eye to Philadelphia's future necessities, for the Appraiser's tithes of goods show but scantily 
in its magnificent warerooms, two of which are 70 by 130 feet in extent, and three others 70 by 
180. It is intended, however, to use these rooms for the storage of steamer goods, in connec- 
tion with the lines of steamers just established to run from this city to European ports ; and 
they will then present a different appearance. 

Retracing our steps to Chestnut Street, we admire the handsome buildings which adorn it 
between Second and Third Streets. On the southeast corner of Third is the main office of the 



PHILADELPHIA AXD ITS EXVIPOXS. 



Western Union Telegraph Com- 
pany, a five-story brick building, 
radiating wires in every direction, 
in such numbers that the inter- 
section of the streets seems to be 
covered with an iron net-work. 
Directly opposite this, on the 
southwest corner, is the office of 
the Public Rccojd. 

Third Street is the home of the 
bankers and brokers. To a cer- 
tain extent, it is the Wall Street of 
Philadelphia. On it we find the 
eminent banking-house of Dre.xel 
& Co., and many others. 

Again turning to the left, we 
pass the office of the Eveiting 
Telegraph, and a few doors below 
it find the office of Jay Cooke & 
Co., the centre from which went 
forth, in troublous times, the 
bonds that gave the government 
its strength. At present, this 
house is the head-quarters of the 
Northern Pacific Railroad. That 
magnificent work is strictly a Phil- 
adelphia enterprise ; the motive 
power which acts upon it, a thou- 








I i;.\i)i ^Ml'. 



iiigUMimiiMiii iiiiiimifeiiiiiiiniijiiniiiiiili'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiliiinniiiM)"iiii"''n""i" "JIiii"" iii"i"i!l 

I'.ANK OF NORTH AMKKICA. 

sand miles away, and pushes it farther 
and farther out into the wilderness, 
Mjierates in a second-story room in this 
liandsome building. 

Next below Jay Cooke & Co.'s bank- 
ing-house stands the Girard Bank, a 
venerable but still stately edifice, built 
1795-8 for the first United States Bank, 
and afterwards occupied by the man 
w hose name it bears, and whose memory 
Philadelphia must ever cherish as that of 
the most munificent benefactor she has 
ever had ; and nearly opposite this is 
one of the most beautiful banking-houses 
in the city. It is the Tradesmen's Bank, 
a small but elegantly-designed build- 
ing, of white New Hampshire granite, 
ornamented" with pillars and tablets of 
highly-polished Aberdeen. The interior 
is simply but neatly furnished, with an 
eye to equal beauty and security. 

Again resuming our way up Chestnut 
Street, we pass, on the south side, the 
office of the Inquirer, and immediately 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



after, on the north, the Bank of North America, the first bank estabhshed in the United 
States, it having been founded by Congress in 1781, when the credit of the country was very 
far indeed below par. Robert Morris was one of the principal originators of this bank, and 
it proved a valuable auxiliary to his efforts in behalf of the public treasury. By its aid he 
succeeded in raising again the public credit and in establishing a good circulating medium. 
The present building is of brown stone, in the Florentine style of architecture. 

Below Fourth Street, and opposite Carpenters' Hall, is the elegant white marble building of 
the Fidelity Safe Deposit and Insurance Company, which combines a handsome exterior with 




CUSTOM-HOUSE AND lu.M -OFFICE. 



the most impregnable security that modern science can devise. It is in the Italian style, 
with a front of Lee marble, and is the largest enterprise of the kind in the country. The 
safe alone weighs 150 tons, and cost $60,000. And on Fourth Street, just below Chestnut, 
stands the new iron building of the Provident Life and Trust Company, a much admired 
piece of architecture. 

The Custom-House stands on the south side of the street, between Fourth and Fifth. It 
has two fronts, one on Chestnut, the other on Library Street, each ornamented with eight 
fluted Doric columns, 27 feet high and 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, supporting a heavy en- 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




TllK CONTINENTAL IIDTKI.. 




PROVIDENT LIKE AND TRUST CO.'S BUILDING. 



tablaturo. It is in imitation of the 
Parthenon at Athens, and is one 
of the purest specimens of Doric 
architecture in the country. The 
building was completed in 1824, 
having cost $500,000, and was for- 
merly the United States Bank. It 
is now used by the United States 
Sub-Treasury and Custom-House 
officers. 

Opposite the Custom House, 
just above the Philadelphia Bank, 
a handsome granite building, 
stands the Farmers' and Me- 
chanics" Bank, an imposing white 
marble structure. This Bank, 
(ine of the oldest institutions 
of its kind in the city, com- 
menced its existence in 1807, 
with a capital of $700,000, as 
An Association for the loaning 
of money upon reasonable terms, 
under the name and style of The 
President and Directors of the 
Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank 
in the City of Philadelphia, the 
object and operations of which 
are calculated to advance the 
interest of agriculture, manufac- 
tures, and the mechanical arts, 
to produce benefit to trade and 
industry in general, and to re- 
press the practice of usury." It 
first occupied the building No. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



23 



102 Chestnut Street (old number), above Third Street. In 1809 the Association was chartered 
by the Legislature of Pennsylvania as the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, with a capital of 
$1,250,000, and was four times re-chartered. Not very long after this the bank was moved 
to No. 100 Chestnut Street, where it remained until the purchase of a capacious mansion-house 
on the site of the present banking building. This house was a Revolutionary landmark, 
having been the headquarters of Lord Howe during the British occupation of Philadelphia. In 
1855 they took possession of their new building, the banking room proper being in the rear, 
and approached by a corridor running through the front edifice, which is divided into offices, 
and is partly occupied by the Philadelphia Clearing-House. The Bank is the Clearing-House 
depositary, and is also transfer agent of the Commonwealth and City of Philadelphia, for the 




FIDELITY SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY S BUILDING. 



transfer of its loans and payment of the interest thereon. April 24, 1856, the capital was in- 
creased to $2,000,000. 

Adjoining the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, just above, is the building of the Pennsyl- 
vania Life Insurance and Trust Company. The front is of Ouincy granite, of a massive and 
imposing style of architecture, well suited to the substantial character of the Company, which 
is the oldest of its kind in the city, having been established in 181 2. No expense or pains has 
been spared in rendering the new building perfect for its purposes, as a fire- and burglar-proof 
structure. The safes alone involved an outlay of nearly $100,000. The former office of the 
Company was in Walnut Street above Third. 



24 



nilLADELPHIA AXD ITS ENVIRONS. 



Just above the Custom-House is the Post-Office, a handsome marble building. Although 
the facilities of this department were greatly increased when the present Post-Office was built, 
not long since, the rapid growth of its business now calls for greater space, and to supply the 
want a new building is to be erected at the corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, for which 
an appropriation of 53,000,000 has been made. 

Around the corner, in Fifth Street, is the Philadelphia Library, one of the staidly solemn 
things which seem still to preserve the spirit of the city's Quaker founders. It was founded in 
1 73 1, — mainly through the influence of Dr. Franklin, whose statue, in marble, is placed over 
the entrance, — and took possession of its present buildings in 1790. It still observes the rules 
made for its government in 1731, and has a venerable air about it which impresses one strongly 
as he steps into its quiet halls. But, notwithstanding its age and scdatcncss, the library keeps 




FARMERS AND MIX HANK 



pace with time, and new books arc constantly being placed on its shelves. The Loganian 
Library is in the same building. Both libraries united contain about 95,000 volumes. 

The building of the American Philosophical Society stands opposite the library. The 
dream-life into which one unconsciously falls in the alcoves of the library is rudely broken, 
as he steps out, by the constant bustle about the Mayor's Office and the Police Headquarters, 
on the southwest corner of Fifth and Chestnut. This building is at the eastern end of " State- 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



25 




FIFTH AND CHESTNUT. 



House Row," noticed in connection with Independence Hall, which stands in the middle 
of the Row. 




PUBLIC LEDGER liUILDING. 



26 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Glancing at Fred. Brown's handsome drug-store, on the northeast corner, we next pass the 
American Hotel, also on the north side of Chestnut Street. 

On the southwest corner of Sixth and Chestnut, the imposing brown-stone pile of the 
Z/f^d'r building attracts the stranger's eye, and he recognizes it at once as one of the lions of 
the city. It is well shown in our engraving. 

On the northwest corner is the office of the Day, and a few doors above the Day office is 
that of the Evening Bulletin, the oldest afternoon paper in the city. Nearly opposite the 
Biilleiin office is the handsome 
office of the German Democrat, 
and on the corner of Seventh 
Street that of the Press. 

At this point the fashionable 
promenade may be said to begin. 
Bright faces and gay costumes 
throng the sidewalk beyond this, 
and the street is lined with the 
tastefully-arranged shop-windows 
for which Philadelphia is noted. 
The group which our artist has 
collected in front of the store of 
Henry A. Dreer, the well-known 
seedsman and florist, is a fair 
sample of what may be seen 
along this portion of the street 
on any fine afternoon. 

The extensive and elegant front 
of the Masonic Temple next at- 
tracts attention. It is a .very 
beautiful building, and was once 
considered the finest of its kind in 
the United States ; but it has be- 
come too small, and the brethren 
of the mystic tie are now building 
a temple which will cast its prede- 
cessor into undeserved obscurity. 
The old one will probably be de- 
voted to business uses, the hand- 
some store of Walraven and others 
already in the building showing its 
fitness for such purposes. 

The Bank of the Republic, 
whose comparatively plain ex- 
terior is compensated for by the 

beauty of its interior arrangements, is just above the Temple, and the Girard House lifts its 
stately front beyond. This is the second hotel, in point of size, in the city of Philadelphia, 
and it is a formidalile competitor of its mammoth rival across the way, the far-famed 
Continental. 

Tile latter, by far the largest hotel in the city, covers forty-one tliousand five hundred and 
thirty-six square feet of ground. It is six stories high ; the Chestnut Street front being of 
Albert and Pictou sandstone, and the others, on Ninth and Sansom Streets, of fine pressed 
brick. It was opened in P'ebruary, i860, and has ever since been a favorite with the traveling 
public. All its appointments are of the most perfect description. An elevator carries guests 




I'li.NNsVLVAM.V INbUKANLt, ANU TRUSl (JU.'s BUILDING. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROAS. 



27 



from the ground floor to the highest story ; telegraph wires convey their messages to any 
part of the country ; their baggage is checked and their tickets purchased under the same 
roof; while the tables are of the finest. 

Diagonally across from the Continental is a ticket-office of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company, and beyond it, on the west side of Ninth Street, are the former grounds and build- 
ings of the University of Pennsylvania. 

This institution was chartered as a charity school and academy in 1750, and was erected 
into a college in 1755, and into a university in 1779. ^^ was first located on Fourth Street, 
below Arch, but removed to Ninth Street in 1798. The old building having become 

inadequate to its wants, a magnificent 
structure of serpentine marble has been 
erected at Thirty-sixth Street and Darby 
Road, West Philadelphia. We present a 
view of the building, which was completed 
and occupied in 1872. 

The University is divided into academi- 
cal, collegiate, medical, and law depart- 
ments, and among its faculty are num- 
bered some of the most distinguished men 
in the State. 

The site for the new Post-Office has been 
fixed on the north side of Chestnut, above 
Ninth. It will occupy half the square be- 
tween Chestnut and Market and Ninth and 
Tenth. 

On the southwest corner of Ninth and 
Chestnut stands a group of marble stores 
which are unsurpassed for beauty and 
splendor in the city. Fine stores, indeed, 
may be said to be the rule from Ninth to 
Eleventh, and there are many on either 
side of these limits. 

We present a view of the marble-front 
Ijuilding containing M'Callum, Crease & 
Sloan's carpet store, on Chestnut Street, 
above Tenth. 

" Girard Row," on the north side of 
Chestnut from Eleventh to Twelfth, con- 
tains many elegant stores. Among them 
are C. F. Haseltine's art galleries, shown 
in our engraving, and the warerooms of the 
Schomacker Piano Company, the pioneers 
of the piano business in Philadelphia. We present a view of their factory, situated at 
Eleventh and Catherine Streets, an immense establishment, having a capacity of twenty 
pianos a week. 

At 1 122 Chestnut Street the building of the American Sunday-School Union finds itself in 
the very centre of business now, but when erected, in 1854, it was quite " out of town." This 
is the head-quarters and central office of the Union ; but its branches ramify all over the 
world, and its missionaries are continually extending its sphere of usefulness. Founded in 
1817 as an Adult and Sunday-School Union, it was instituted as the American Sunday-School 
Union in 1824, and has ever since been steadily at work, instructing and elevating the masses. 
It has two branches,— that of missions and that of publication,— and is supported entirely by 




BANK OK THE REryilLlC. 



28 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROh^,. 



the profits of the publication department, assisted by private contributions, of which many 
noble ones from wealthy Philadelphians are recorded. 




OLD MASONIC Tl'-Mll I 



The siilcndid iMiilclini^' containing Bailey & Co.'s jewelry store, on tlie southeast corner of 
Twelfth and Chestnut, will excite the admiration of tlie visitor. This store-room is the larj^est 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



29 




INTERIOR \'I1-:\V OF HASELTIXE S PICTURE GALLERIES. 

ot its kind in the city. It presents a front of forty-four feet on Chestnut Street by two hun- 
dred and forty feet on Twelfth, and its ceihng is twenty-two feet in height. Fine statues and 




SCHOMACKER PIANO FACTORY, ELEVENTH AND CATHERINE STREETS. 

other works of art are ahiiost always on exhibition in the windows. The building was erected 



30 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




SCENE ON CHESTNUT STREET. 



by Dr. S. S. White, who occupies all of it, except the first floor, for the manufiicturc and sale 
of artificial teeth, dentists' instruments, etc., in which specialty he does the largest business 
in the world, having branch houses in New York, Boston, and Chicago. 





^#t-^-| 



»i^ii=:kM[[iiiiii 



r ^ 




UNITED STATES MINT. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



31 




TWELFTH AND CHESTNUT. — DR. S. S. WHITES BUILDING. 

We next pass the building of the Young Men's Christian Association, on Chestnut Street, 
above Twelfth, and the Chestnut Street Theatre and Concert Hall, on the opposite side ot 




hn T'^-^ fl- 'f' ffS"'!*-! '-afnip T**^":-.fe- ^W^ IBS'-,! Ti1'''fi'm''«' 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



32 



PHILADELPHIA AND IIS ENVIRONS. 



the street, and, crossing 
Thirteenth Street, come 
to the United States Mint. 

This building was 
erected in 1829, pursuant 
to an act of Congress en- 
larging the operations of 
the government coining, 
and supplementary to the 
act creating the Mint, 
which was passed in 1792. 
The structure is of the 
Ionic order, copied from 
a temple at Athens. It 
is of brick, faced with 
marble ashlar. 

\'isitors are admitted 
before twelve o'clock, 
every day except Satur- 
day and Sunday ; and 
the beautiful and delicate 
operations a n d contriv- 
ances for coining, as well 
as the extensive numis- 
matic cabinet, arc well 
worth seeing. 

The new building of 
the Presbyterian Board of 
Publication stands nearly 
opposite the Mint. It is 





^AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNIOH^ 




AMI.KlLA.N ^r.NDAV S( 111 



CHESTNUT STREKT, ABOVE TE.NTH. 

a handsome four -story edifice, with a front of white 
granite, trimmed with polished Aberdeen stone. 

Soon after crossing Broad Street, we pass beyond the 
realms of trade and enter the domiciliary portion of the 
street ; though we shall not leave all the stores behind us 
until we have passed Fifteenth Street. 

Here, on the corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut, the 
Colonnade Hotel has recently been built to meet the 
growing demands for up -town hotel accommodations. 
It takes its name from Colonnade Row, a handsome 
series of buildings, several of which were torn down to 
make room for it. The Colonnade is a large and well- 
kept hotel ; it can accommodate four hundred guests, 
and its kitchen facilities are especially complete. 

From the Colonnade, rows of stately dwellings extend 
to the Schuylkill, over which a substantial and elegant 
bridge has recently been thrown. 

Another new bridge is in course of erection at South 
Street, a short distance farther down the river ; and an 
elegant one, used by the Junction Railroad, is just 
below that. 

The Schuylkill may be reckoned among Philadelphia's 
"reserve forces." With a depth of water sufficient to 



rniLADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



33 



float a frigate, and room enough on either bank for long rows of wharves and warehouses, it 
is comparatively deserted. Some coal- and stone-yards on its shores employ a few vessels 
annually. The Schuylkill Canal brings down numbers of boats from the mines in the coal 
regions ; but, apart from these, there is as yet no commerce on the Schuylkill. This grand 
avenue to the future heart of the city is still waiting for the time when its services shall be 
required, — a time which cannot be far distant. Indeed, it can be largely used for the trans- 
portation of goods to the Centenary Exhibition, and will doubtless find its commerce greatly 
increased by that event. 

For a few squares on the west side of the Schuylkill, Chestnut Street retains the solidly 




^^^r^f^fvfrfvrr mrr^rtr^r^r 




n~ 



'IIMIInlidfi 
ilUJii 




1-KE.SBVTEKlAX BOARIi OF PURIFICATION. 

built-up appearance of a city street ; but this is soon lost in a succession of elegant villas and 
country seats, and, finally, in a territory which, as yet, is a part of the city only on the map. 

As a specimen of suburban architecture, we present a view of the residence of A. J. Drexel, 
the well-known banker, at Thirty-ninth and Walnut, West Philadelphia. 

This portion of the city is new, and is growing very rapidly. Fortunately, Chestnut Street 
and its neighbors on the south have been almost monopolized by the suburban residences of 
wealthy citizens, who have adorned their homes with spacious grounds, with trees and flowers 

3 



34 



■PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




Jir"?ff^i-.n 



Til rj'lf liX^ 











THE COLONNADE HOTEL. 



and have planted shade-trees along the streets ; so that this neighborhood is now, and must 
ever remain, a lovely blending of all that is most beautiful in city and country. 



1^ I. 










^rP^J^' 



f mAX m. 




TIIIRTV-MMii AMI WALNUT. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



V/ALNUT STREET. 



Walnut Street, the chosen haunt of the coal trade, and, to a great extent, of the in- 
surance business, presents many points of interest. The anthracite coal trade of the Lehigh 
and Schuylkill regions, which is so important a feature of the domestic industry of Penn- 
sylvania, centres in the lower part of this street, a large four-story building of brown stone, 
on the corner of Second and Walnut, being entirely given up to this business, and filled with 
the offices of coal firms. It is known as "Anthracite Block." 




PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY .S BUILDING. 



A little below Third Street, Walnut Street is crossed diagonally by Dock, and in the trian- 
gular space bounded by Third, Dock, and Walnut stands the magnificent building of the 
Merchants' Exchange. It is an imposing edifice, built of Pennsylvania marble, and, from its 
conspicuous position, forms the most prominent feature of this part of the city. The spacious 



36 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



rotunda on its eastern side has recently been fitted up in a sumptuous manner for the use of 
the Board of Brokers. 

Passing the Sunday Dispatch office, on the corner of Third Street, we pass an ahiiost 
unbroken file of coal offices, until we reach Fourth Street, and here we turn the corner 
into Fourth to visit the splendid new offices of the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Companies, which stand side by side on the east side of Fourth Street, 
below Walnut. 

The office of the Pennsylvania Road was built in 187 1-2. It is of l)rick, with an elegant 
front of ()uincy granite, and of dimensions adapted to the business of a corporation which 
owns and controls more miles of rail than any other in the world. The immense extent of 
this company's operations is too well known to need repetition here. 

The office of the Reading Railroad was so much enlarged and improved during the 
summer and fall of 1871 as to make it, in effect, a new building. This, the second road in 




KKADINC RAlLKO.\l) (UMIANN s r,i ii dim 



importance in the State, taps the rich deposits of anthracite coal in the Southern and Middle 
Coal-fields, and carries to market an average of five million tons annually. In 1870 it ab- 
sorbed the (icrmantown and Norristown Railroads, and now conducts an enormous passenger 
traffic over both. 

Continuing \.\\> Walnut Street, we pass on the left of what was once the " State-House Yard," 
but has since been named " Indeiiendence Square." It is of small dimensions, and, though 
the trees are lofty and green overhead, the ground beneath them has been beaten hard by 
the tread of countless feet crossing it in every direction, and has little that is park-like m 
its appearance. 

Not so, however, with Washington Square, whi< h is diagonally opposite Independence 
Square, and which has already been described at length. 

Outside the railing of this square, on a line with Seventh Street, is a stone fountain sur- 
mounted by an eagle standing on a globe, which is noteworthy as being the first of those 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



37 



benevolent structures in providing which the Philadelphia Fountain Society has already earned 
the gratitude of thousands of thirsty men and suffering beasts. 

This society was formed in February, 1869, and erected its first fountain in the succeeding 




PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND. 



April. From that time to the close of 1871, forty-four fountains were erected through its 
efforts, many of them being the gifts of individuals or of societies other than that having 
the work in special charge, but all given at its instance and through its influence. 




""""'lit 'I'll ^' 
iliitiir 






WESTERN SAVINGS BANK. 



Some idea may be formed of the value of this simple gift of pure, cold water from the fact 
that during twelve hours of one August day five thousand and sixteen persons and one thousand 
and eighty-nine horses and mules were seen to drink at six of the most frequented fountains. 



3« 



rUlLADELPI/lA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



What might be termed another benevolent institution, though it is so according to the 
sound commercial rule of benefiting both parties, is the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society, 
whose Iniilding stands on the corner of Walnut Street and West Washington Square. This 
society, the first of its kind in the country, was established in 1816, and has ever since been 
eminently successful. All its earnings are appropriated for the l^enefit of the depositors, 
with the exception of the amount necessary to meet the working expenses. From a small 
l)eginning, the business of the institution has gradually increased, until now its depositors 
number thirty-nine thousand, and their united deposits exceed ten million dollars. This 
money is loaned on the most reliable securities, and in such a manner as to enable the 




:-lfit: 







[ 



t 



1 W l.M \ -Mlv.M AM) WAI.M 1. 

managers to realize in the shortest |)ossil)Ie time that may be required to meet the demands 
of the dejjositors. 

We give also a view of another similar institution, that of the Western Saving Fund, at 
Tenth and Walnut. In looking at these fine Ijuildings one is forcilily reminded of the couplet 
said to have been inscribed on one in England : 



" W'lio would liiivc tlii)ni;lit it? 
Wise pennies Ixniglit it." 

Trade has not yet pusiied its way on Walnut Street beyond this point. From here long 
lows of substantially-built houses, whose very exteriors have an air of comfort about them, 
as if they would hint at the ease ami plenty within, stretch away almost to the Srhu\ Ikill. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



39 



Two of these are here depicted. The first is that of John Rice, the builder of the Con- 
tinental Hotel and of a number of other buildings. This is situated on the corner of 
Twenty-first and Walnut. It is of white marble, from the Lee quarries, and is in the Italian 




TWENTY-SECOND AND WALNUT. 



style of architecture. The second, on the corner of Twenty-second and Walnut, also of 
white marble, is the res dence of George W. Childs, the well-known and successful proprietor 
of the Public Ledger. 



40 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



ARCH STREET. 

Arch Street, though a wide and handsome avenue, has never found its course obstructed 
by such a tide of travel and traffic as surges through Market Street. It has always been an 
eminently " respectable " street, and a certain air of old-time gentility still invests it ; one feels 




ARCH STREET, KETVVEEN SEVENTH AND IKIIIIH. 

that, in passing from Market to Arch, he has unconsciously stepped back fifty years into the 
past ; the roar and hurry of to-day have given way to the steady-going, quiet ways of the 
earlier years of the century, and he would scarcely be surprised to see a gentleman in powdered 
wig, kncc-brccches, and thrcc-corncrcd hat descending from any one of the stately dwellings 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



41 



whose uniform brick fronts, green shutters, and marble steps are the representatives of, if not 
the foundation for, the monotonous Philadelphia which satirical visitors are fond of depicting. 
The lower part of the street has, indeed, been invaded, to a certain extent, by the bustling life 
of commerce ; but west of Tenth Street all is quiet, and the street is lined with the dweltings 
of the merchant princes of the city. 

Consequently, we have few points of interest to note here. In our walk up-street, we 




ARCH STREET THEATRE. 

Stop, of course, to look through the iron railing set in the wall of Christ Church burying- 
ground, at Fifth and Arch, and pay our homage to the grave of Benjamin Franklin. 

We cannot fail to notice, as we pass, the ancient Friends' Meeting-House which stands on 
the south side of the street, between Third and Fourth, surrounded by a yard whose dimen- 
sions suggest the good old times of its erection, when land was plenty and taxes light. 
This meeting-house was built in 1808. It is the successor of one which stood in High Street 
and has ever since been one of the principal places of worship of the Quakers in'philadel- 
phia. This denomination, being that to which Penn and his followers belonged was 
naturally, the first to erect a place of worship. "The Great Meeting-House," as it was 



42 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



called, at the corner of Second and High Streets, was erected in 1695, on land bestowed by 
George Fox, "for truth's and Friends" sake." "Great as it was." says Watson, "it was 
taken down in 1755, to build greater;" and in 1808 the "street noise of increased popula- 
tion" drove the worshipers to the quiet retreat on Arch Street, where they still find them- 
selves able to worship 
without disturbance. 

A little above Sixth 
Street we pass Mrs. John 
Drew's Arch Street The- 
atre, one of the standard 
places of amusement in 
the city. Its interior ar- 
rangements are excellent. 
The auditorium will seat 
eighteen hundred persons, 
and the dimensions of the 
stage, sixty-seven feet 
square by thirty feet high, 
give convenient room for 
representations. 

Another square west- 
ward, we come to the St. 
Cloud Hotel, a new and 
excellent house, recently 
opened, and very conve- 
nient to the business part 
of the city. 

Nearly o])i)osite this is 
the w e 1 1 - k n o w n photo- 
graphic establishment of 
Frederick G u t e k u n s t, 
whose pictures attained 
deserved celebrity during 

the Rebellion. 

> I . t 1,1 >i I » mil i-,u. 

Still farther on we hnd 

two recently-established places of amusement, — the Museum, on the corner of Ninth, and 

Simmons & Slocum's Opera House, on the corner of Tenth. 

On Arch, above Tenth, are the Methodist Hook Rooms, — the Mecca of Methodist pilgrims, 
— and at Broad and Arch are the stately churches elsewhere spoken of. 

The rest of the street is "living-room ;" it is filled with the homes of the people, with few 
exceptions, presenting a remarkable sameness of appearance and size. 




^X.V^"" 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



43 



BROAD STREET. 



This noble avenue has lieen described in the earlier part of this work ; but it remains to 
point out some of the many objects of interest which border it. 

Its southern terminus is at League Island,— a low tract of land at the junction of the Dela- 
ware and Schuylkill, which was presented by the city of Philadelphia to the United States 
government, a few years ago, for the purposes of a naval depot,— a use for which it is ad- 
mirably adapted. The report of the Secretary of the \a\y, for 1S71, thus tersely sums up 
its advantages : 

"A navy vard so ample in its proportions, in 
the midst of our great coal and iron region, easy 
of access to our own ships, but readily made 
inaccessible to a hostile fleet, with fresh water 
for the preservation of the iron vessels so rapidly 
growing into favor, surrounded by the skilled 
labor of one of our chief manufacturing centres, 
will 1)6 invaluable to our country." 

Comparatively little work has yet 
(1873) been done at League Island; but 
enough is in progress to show what may be 
expected in the future. A wharf sufficient 
to accommodate the largest sized vessels 
has been built ; a receiving ship and two 
or three others are stationed there ; and 
the narrow, fresh-water " Back Channel" 
which separates the island from the 
mainland is being dredged for the ac- 
commodation of the monitors, — a large 
fleet of those peculiar craft being already 
anchored in its placid waters. 

Crossing the back channel by a draw- 
bridge. Broad Street extends northward 
through a low, flat tract of land which is 
now occupied by truck-farms, and which 
will require much labor to fit it for build- 
ing purposes. Two rows of trees have been 
planted in the drive along this part of 
the street, and these will in a few years 
afford three leafy avenues for carriages. 

The city is growing'but slowly in this direction, its chief extension being to the north and west ; 
but the influence of League Island may draw builders southward when the works are fairly 
under way there. 

The first building of importance which we notice in going north on this street is the Balti- 
more Depot, at Broad and Prime. We give the most familiar designations of public objects 
in this work, as those are the ones strangers will wish to know. The " Baltimore Depot" is, to 
give it the benefit of its full title, the depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore 
Railroad ; but that is a name too long for daily use ; and for the same reason the inquirer is 
always directed to the insignificant Prime Street, instead of the spacious Washington Avenue, 
on the corner of which the building really stands. 




l!ETH-i:i>KN rilURCll. 



44 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Many handsome churches diversify the street to the north of the Baltimore Depot, but it 
is impossible to mention all in detail. 

On the corner of Pine Street we pass the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, — a charity incorporated 
in 1 82 1 by the State of Pennsylvania, which has ever since been its chief patron, though the 
States of Maryland, New Jersey, and Delaware also contribute to its support and claim a 
share in its benefits. 

One square above, we pass the magnificent " Beth-Eden " Baptist Church, one of the 
handsomest on Broad Street, even without the spire, which is still wanting to complete the 
symmetry of the design. 

Now the places of interest crowd thick and fast upon the visitor's attention. Just above 

Beth-Eden Church is Hor- 



ticultural Hall, — the chosen 
home of the Pennsylvania 
Horticultural Society, a 
venerable institution, and, 
like so many other Phila- 
delphia enterprises, the 
tirst of its kind in the coun- 
try, having been established 
in 1S27. It has always been 
one of the most popular so- 
cieties in Philadelphia, and 
its annual displays, held 
tirst in Peak's Museum and 
afterwards under c a n \- a s 
pavilions in one of the pub- 
lic scjuares, were once the 
most fashionable entertain- 
ments in the city. Nor 
luive they lost their attrac- 
tion even yet ; for at stated 
seasons they fill the spa- 
cious auditorium of the hall 
to suffocation with visitors 
who come to feast their 
eyes upon the rare floral 
and pomological treasures 
there displayed. 

Next door to Horticul- 
tural Hall, and so near to 
it that on grand festive 
occasions both buildings 
are leased and connected 
by a tcm])orary liridge, is the .American Academy of Music, the most capacious opera-house 
in the United States. This building was comiiletcd January 26, 1857, and dedicated on that 
day by the most magnificent ball Philadelphia had ever witnessed. Since that time it has been 
a favorite hall with all the leading musicians, actors, and lecturers who have appeared m 
America. Its architecture is of the Italian Byzantine school, such as is frequently seen in the 
northern parts of Italy. The auditorium is one hundred and two feet long, ninety feet wide, 
and seventy feet high, and will scat twenty-nine hundred persons, besides providing standing- 
room for about six hundred more. The arrangements both for seeing and hearing are excel- 
lent ; its acoustic properties being extolled l)y all who have appeared on its stage. All the 




llOKTRTLTLKAL IIALI.. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



45 



other appointments of the building are on a scale commensurate with the immense size of 
the auditorium, and go to make up one of the most complete and magnificent opera-houses 
in the world. 




AMLKICAN ACADEM\ Ot MUSIC. 



Following in regular order after the Academy of Music, and on the same side of the street, 
is the well-known building of the Union Leatrue. This association srrew out of a "Union 




NEW ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 



Club" which was formed in 1862 for promoting friendly intercourse among loyal people. 
The organization of the Union League was effected in December, 1862, and it at once took 



46 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



an active part in all public measures. 



The 



It enlisted for the I'nitcd States Army ten full regi- 
ments of troops, distributed 
over two million six hundred 
thousand copies of Union doc- 
uments, and claimed to have 
carried the State of Pennsyl- 
vania for the Republican party 
by its efforts in the important 
election of 1863. 

In May, 1865, the present 
League building was finished, 
at a cost, including furniture, 
of about two hundred thousand 
dollars. It is of brick, in the 
F'rench Renaissance style, with 
fa{;ades of granite, brick, and 
brown stone. It has all the 
appointments of a first-class 
club - house, and as such has 
many patrons, the list of mem- 
bers at the present time ( 1873) 
numbering about eighteen hun- 
dred and fifty, 
most prominent of the other social clubs are the Reform Club, which occupies a 




UNION LEAGUK liUIl.UlM 




handsome white marble fronted building on Chestnut Street, above Fifteenth, and 
delphia Clul), occupying the building at Thirteenth and Walnut Streets. 



the Phila- 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



47 



Next above the Union League building is an unpretentious and certainly far from handsome 
Iniilding, which at present contains the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 

This society dates from the year 1812, 
when it was founded by a few gentlemen 
for mutual study into the laws of nature. 
A museum and library were among the first 
requisites, and steps were early taken to 
establish both. The latter now contains 
about twenty-three thousand volumes, and 
the former upwards of two hundred and fifty 
thousand specimens, representing every de- 
partment of zoology, geology, and botany. 
There are sixty-h\e thousand miner.dogical 
and paleontological specimens, witli a very 
ricli collection of fossils. The I)otanical col- 
lection is immense ; that of shells is only ex- 
celled by the cabinet of the British Museum ; 
and the collection of birds is both rich and 
attractive. It consists of more than thirty- 
one thousand specimens, and is proljably 
unequaled by any collection in Europe. 

This museum has outgrown the building 
in which it is placed, and steps are now 
being taken to erect a building adequate for its wants. A lot has been secured at Nineteenth 




NEW M.VSONIC TEMl'LE. 




NKW ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 



and Race Streets, and on it the fine building of which we present a view will be placed as 
soon as the necessary funds can be obtained. The great value of the museum, and the utter 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 





■T> 






i\ 



"il*: 




inadequacy of its present quarters 
either to display or to preserve 
it, will doubtless bring the citi- 
zens of Philadelphia to its as- 
sistance at an early day. Even 
in the present building, however, 
visitors to the city should by no 
means fail to see it. It is open 
to the public on Tuesday and 
Thursday afternoons, at which 
times an entrance fee often cents 
is charged. 

Next door to the Academy of 
Natural Sciences stands the La 
Pierre House, one of the best 
hotels in the city. It is six stories 
high, and will accommodate two 
liundred guests. We now cross 
Chestnut Street, glance at the 
Corinthian porticos of two Pres- 
byterian churches, on the east 
side of liroad Street, one above 
and the other below Chestnut, 
and in a moment reach the Penn 
Squares, four in number, at the in- 
tersection of Broad and Market. 
These squares have recently been 
strijjpcd of their trees, and are 
now ( Inly, 1S73) Ijeing excavated 
for the foundations of the now 
Public Buildings for law-courts 
anil public offices, concerning 
the location of which there was 
so much bitter controversy when 
they were first determined on. 

At the northwest corner of these 
squares is one of the many noble 
charities that Philadelphia can 
boast of. This is the School of 
Design for Women, — the only in- 
stitution of the kind in America. 
it was founded in 1848, by Mrs. 
IV'tcr, for the purpose of educating 
woHKii to extend their sphere of 
usefulness and open to them a 
new and pleasant means of sup- 
port. In a great manufacturing 
city there is a constant demand for 
new and elegant designs for all 
branches of mechanic art. The 
School of Design trains women 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



49 



for this work, instructing them gratuitously, and seldom failing to make them experts in the 
business of mechanical drawing. 

In a year or two this part of Broad Street will be unequaled in the State for the number and 
beauty of its public edifices. On the corner of Filbert Street the New Masonic Temple rears 
its stately head high above the neighboring houses. It is built of granite, dressed at the quarry 
and brought to the temple ready to be raised at once to its place ; so that what was said of 
Solomon's temple may be said with almost equal truth of this : " There was neither hammer 
nor ax nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building." 

This temple is one hundred and fifty feet in breadth by two hundred and fifty in length, with 




SLIM ON NOklll 1 KOAD STREET, AI \ M 1 LR 



a side elevation of ninety feet above the pavement, its colossal proportions making it seem low 
even at this height. A tower two hundred and thirty feet high rises at one corner. The entire 
building is devoted to Masonic uses, there being nine lodge-rooms, together with a library and 
officers' rooms. 

Adjoining the Masonic Temple on the north is the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 
the handsomest church of this denomination in the city. The intersection of Broad and Arch 
Streets is, indeed, noteworthy for its churches. The pure white marble of the Methodist church, 
on the southeast corner, the rich brown stone of the First Baptist Church, on the northwest 
corner, and the green syenite of the Lutheran church, on the southwest corner, present a 
group of architectural beauty rarely surpassed in any city. 

4 



50 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



At this point occurs an interruption of the usual magnificent display of Broad Street, — a 
region of warehouses and lumber-yards, which once threatened to be permanent, but to which 
the removal of the railroad tracks from Broad Street gave a death-blow ; so that we may now 
hope to see their places occupied before long by structures in keeping with the magnificent 
plan of the street. Nevertheless, it must be confessed that, at the present writing. Broad 
Street from Arch to Callowhill is 7tot a pleasant thoroughfare. The new Academy of Fine 
Arts, now building at Broad and Cherry, will do much for this part of the street. 

At Callowhill Street we come to the passenger depot of the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- 
road, and just above it, but on the opposite side of the street, the extensive buildings of the 
Baldwin Locomotive Works, — an establishment which boasts the proud distinction of being 
the largest, as it is among the oldest, of its kind in the world. 

Spring Garden Street, which bounds the Baldwin Locomotive Works on the north, is one 
of a few streets which deserve special notice for the generous manner in which they are laid 







51 P 

liitlaiufj:» 



XKNK ON NORTH BROAD STREET, AliO\'K JEFFERSON. 

out. From Twelfth to Broad a Ijeauliful little p.uk occupies tlie centre of the street, — which 
is nearly or quite as wide as Broad Street itself, — and this will probably be continued all the 
way to Fairmount Park, in a few years. Below Twelfth the street is occupied by a long line 
of market-houses. Girard Avenue is laid out in the same way. A granite monument erected 
April 19, 1872, by the Washington Grays, to the memory of their fallen comrades, stands in 
the centre of the avenue, just below Broad. 

On the southwest corner of Broad and Green Streets we pass the Central High School,— a 
plain but not inelegant brick edifice,— and on the northwest corner a handsome Presbyterian 
church, built in the Norman style of architecture. Beside this stands the Jewish synagogue 
Rodef Shalom, a good specimen of the Saracenic style, and a very handsome though very 
peculiar building. 

At the intersection of Ridge Avenue, Coates, and 15road is the beginning of a section of 
wood pavement which was laid down a couple of years ago as a trial, and which, though it 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS EAVIKOAS. 



51 



has been heartily abused ever since, has ever been a favorite resort for pleasure-driving. It 
extends from Coates Street to Columbia Avenue, — a distance of about a mile, — and on a fine 
Sunday afternoon is thronged with fast horses and elegant carriages. The sidewalks, at the 
same time, are crowded with promenaders, and the whole presents a scene of life and anima- 
tion strikingly in contrast with the sabbath stillness of the rest of the city. 

Along this part of the street there are very many fine private residences. It is an exempli- 
fication of what Broad Street is capable of being made, and what it may reasonably be 
expected to become in the near future. 

We present views of two of these dwellings, that of Richard Smith, on Broad above Master, 
and that of Henry Disston, on Broad above Jefferson. 

The splendid Episcopal church of the Incarnation, at Broad and Jefferson, and several 
other fine buildings in the immediate vicinity, close the list of objects of interest on Broad 
Street for the present. Columbia Avenue is the northern limit of building on this street just 
now ; but the noble boulevard continues straight as an arrow northward, the houses are fast 
following it, and it cannot be very many years before it will be crowded with stately buildings 
all the way to Germantown. 



THE CEMETERIES. 

It is impossible in a work of this kind to do justice to the many beautiful cemeteries in 
which repose the dead of the great city. We can, however, direct the visitor to a few of the 
more prominent ones, and assure him that a visit to them will be a source of gratification. 




THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER FROM NORTH LAUREL HILL. 



We use the word advisedly, for few more pleasant spots can be found in the vicinity of Phila- 
delphia than its burial-places, fitted up as they are with equal taste and elegance. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery is confessedly the leading cemetery of Philadelphia in size, location, 



52 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



and beauty of adornment. It is situated on a sloping hillside bordering on the Schuylkill ; 
the extensive grounds are skillfully laid out ; and the monuments and other decorations are 
as elaborate as affection could suggest or munificence bestow. The ground is divided into 
three sections, known as North, South, and Central Laurel Hill, — the last being the most 
recently added of the three. The plan of the company by w-hich this cemetery was estab- 
lished was to provide for its patrons a resting-place which should be theirs forever, without 
fear of molestation or disturbance by the ever-lengthening city streets and the ever-growing 
city trade, and which they might therefore ornament freely with substantial and enduring 
monuments. The idea was well carried out in the selection of a site little available for 
business purposes, and now secured forever by its incorporation within the bounds of Fair- 
mount Park ; and it was quickly appreciated by the citizens. The result is shown in the 
present appearance of the grounds, and in the fact that, besides the addition of South Laurel 




.S( III N l.KII.I., IKOM \\i:sT LAI KKL 1111. 1. 



Hill and two other sections of ground, it has become necessary to enlarge the accommo- 
dations a fourth time ; and in doing so the fundamental idea of an isolated and permanent 
burial-place has been kept in view, if possible, more fully than ever before. This addition is 
West Laurel Hill Cemetery, an institution entirely distinct from the original, and controlled 
by a separate corporation, but yet owned and officered by the same individuals, so that il is 
virtually an extension of the original Laurel Hill, and is managed in harmony with it. 

West Laurel Hill Cemetery is the latest enterprise of the kind connected with the city, 
having been incorporated in November, 1869. It is situated on the west side of the Schuylkill, 
in Montgomery County, a short distance from the boundary-line of the incorporated city. 

At present West Laurel Hill contains one hundred and ten acres, but the charter permits 
its increase to three hundred acres. Under the management of persons long familiar with 
the work ddne at the original Laurel Hill, it is rapidly assuming a beautiful and ajjpropriate 
appearance. 



PHILADELPHIA AiVD ITS ENVIRONS. 



53 



A number of smaller cemeteries are situated in the vicinity of Laurel Hill, and some im- 




portant ones arc located in parts of the city which have still a rural aspect. Monument 



54 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Cemetery, which was founded in 1837, two years after Laurel Hill, is situated at Broad and 







t '1 ^ - •»' ,, " '*" 

LIEl'TKNANT GREBLE'S MONUMENT, WOODLAND CEMETERY. 

Berks Streets, and is remarkable for a fine granite monument to the joint memories of Wash- 
ington and Lafayette, which stands in the centre, and gives name to the cemetery. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



55 



Still nearer to Laurel Hill are Mount Peace, Mount Vernon, Glenwood, and several society 
cemeteries. 

Cathedral Cemetery, the great burying-ground of the Roman Catholic denomination, is 
located on Forty-eighth Street, between Girard Avenue and Wyalusing Street, in West Phila- 
delphia. It was consecrated to the purposes of sepulture in 1849, being named after the 
Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, which was then building. This cemetery includes forty- 
three acres, and contains some elegant monuments. 

Mount Moriah Cemetery, one of the most beautiful in the city, is on Kingsessing Avenue, 




THE DREXEL MAUSOLEUM. 



about three miles from Market Street, and is reached by the Darby hne of horse cars running 
out Walnut Street. It is quite large, and is very liberally supplied with both natural and 
artificial attractions. 

The same line of cars passes Woodland Cemetery, one of the most attractive rural burying- 
grounds in the city. Of the many imposing monuments in this cemetery, we present a view 
of the beautiful mausoleum of the Drexel family, which is noted for its elegance of design — 
being the handsomest structure of its kind in this country — and its fine location, and one of 
the chaste monument erected to the memory of Lieutenant John T. Greble, the first officer of 
the regular army to fall in the Rebellion. 



56 



PHILADELPHIA AXD ITS ENVIROXS. 




PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



57 



FAIRMOUNT PARK. 




Fairmount Park, new though it is, has ah-eady attained a reputation second only to that 
of Central Park, New York, and only second to that because Fairmount is not yet old enough 
to be as widely kqown. 

Fairmount needs no eulogist. It speaks for itself; and the stranger who, with this book for 
his guide, will spend a summer day — or, better still, a week — in leisurely and appreciative 
exploration of its hills and dales, its leafy woodlands and sunny slopes, its rippling streams 
and placid river, its dewy sunrise and dreamy sunset, and the glory of its moonlight vistas, 
will permit no tongue to sound its praises louder than his own. 

We preface our description of it with a few dry facts and figures which it will be well to bear 
in mind. 

Fairmount Park arose from the necessity for a supply of pure water, the deterioration of 



58 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




which 



MONUMENT ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OK 1 REDERICK GRAFF. 

threatened to become not only an evil but a grievous calamity. The mills and 

manufactories on the banks of the 
Schuylkill were multiplying rapidly, 
and there was great danger that in 
the course of a very few years the 
river-banks for miles above the city 
would be lined with factories and 
workshops, to the utter ruin of the 
stream on which the citizens de- 
pended for their supply of pure 
water. 

Just in time to prevent this catas- 
trophc, Fairmount Park was con- 
ceived, and by degrees executed, 
until now five miles of the river and 
six of its beautiful and important 
tributary the Wissahickon, together 
\\ ith the high lands bounding their 
immediate valleys, arc inclosed and 
preserved forever from all pollution 
and profanation. 

The Park now contains n e a r 1 y 
three thousand acres, being more 
tlian three times as large as the New 
N'ork Central Park. It is dedicated 
to be a public pleasure-ground for- 
ever, and, under the management 
of a Board of Commissioners, is 
rapidly growing in beauty and in- 

EAST TERRACE, LEMON HILL. tcrest. 




PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



59 



The visitor will take a street-car on Pine, Arch, or Vine Street— all of which lines run to 
the Wire Bridge, the lower end of the Park ; or a car of the Green and Coates Streets line, 
which runs from Fourth Street, -.//« Walnut, Eighth, and Coates, to the Coates Street entrance ; 




THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. 



or a yellow car of the Union line, passing up Ninth Street and landing him at the Brown Street 
entrance ; or a Ridge Avenue car, which will carry him to the East Park ; or, if well up town, 




VIEW ON THE SCHUYLKILL, SHOWING THE KOAT-HOUSES AND LEMON HILL. 

a Poplar Street or Girard Avenue car, which will deposit him at Brown Street and Girard 
Avenue respectively. All these termini, except the last, are in the immediate vicinity of 
Fairmount Water-Works, at the lower end of the Park. Another route is by the Park ac- 



6o 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



commodation trains of the I'hiladolphia and Reading Railroad, which in summer run every 
hour during the day and carry passengers from the depot at Thirteenth and Callowhill to 
Belmont, on the west side of the Schuylkill. Accommodation trains- on the Pennsylvania 
Railroad and the Vine Street horse-cars also run to Hestonville, witliin a short walk of 
George's Hill, at the western end of the Park. 

Lastly, the visitor can hire a carriage by the day and make the tour of the Park without 
fatigue or difficulty ; and for mere sight-seeing this is much the best way. 

Entering the Park at the lower entrance, we step at once into the grounds i)ertaining to the 
Schuylkill Water-Works; and the works themselves are contained in the building, or rather 
group of buildings, just before us. These works were first put in operation in 1823, though the 
city was first supplied with water from the Schuylkill in 1799. Enormous engines worked by 

water-power force water from a dam in the 
river to the top of a hill in front of the 
building, — the original " Faire-Mount," — 
where it is held in a distributing reservoir. 
The same works supply a reservoir on Cor- 
inthian Avenue, near Girard College. F"rom 
a piazza in the rear of the l)uilding a good 
view is obtained of the celebrated Wire 
Bridge, now a dingy structure without 
special beauty to an unscientific eye. The 
g r o u n d s i m m e d i a t e 1 y surrounding the 
buildings contain several fountains and 
pieces of statuary. The monument in our 
cut is that of Frederic (iraft", the designer 
and first engineer of the works. Just above 
the Water -Works is a little dock, whence 
in summer a couple of miniature steamers 
ply incessantly on the river, stopping at all 
points of interest on their route. 

The main drive of the Park begins at 
Green Street, passing, just inside the en- 
trance, a new building designed for an art 
gallery, and thence running down nearly to 
the bank of the Schuylkill. 

Next, crossing an open space ornamented 
by a bronze statue of Lincoln, erected by 
V the Lincoln Monument Association, in the 
J fall of 187 1, we come to another hill, covered 
■niK louNTAiN NKAR HuowN sTRKKT KNTRANCE. with trccs, among which go winding paths, 

and under which green grass and flowering 
shrubs combine their attractions, while around the base of the hill flowers bloom and 
fountains play, and the curving drive leads a glittering host of carriages. This is Lemon 
Hill, and on its summit is the mansion in which Robert Morris had his home during the 
Revolutionary struggle. Here the great financier loved to dwell. Here he entertained many 
men whose names were made illustrious by those stirring times. Hancock, Franklin, the 
elder Adams, members of the Continental Congress, officers of the army and navy, and 
many of the foremost citizens met frequently under this hospitable roof. Here, busy in 
peace as in war, he afterwards planned those magnificent enterprises which were his financial 
ruin ; and from here he was led away to prison, the victim of laws equally barbarous and 
absurd, which, because a man could not |)ay what he owed, locked him up lest he might earn 
the means to discharge his del)t. 

The fortunes of the once magnitirent mansion have fallen, like those of its magnificent 




PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



6i 




62 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS PlNVIRONS. 




ENTRANCE AT EGGLESFIELD. 



Under this bridge passes a carriage 
called, by way of distinction, the 
East Park. The New York Rail- 
road Bridge, as it is poi^ularly 
termed, which unites the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad with the Camden 
and Amboy, raises its graceful 
arches a little above the Gjrard 
Avenue Bridge, and through the 
rocky bluff which forms its eastern 
abutment a short tunnel has been 
cut, as the only means of opening 
a carriage -road to the East Park. 
This route was opened in the sum- 
mer of 1 87 1, and developed some 
of the loveliest scenery in all the 
Park. A number of fine old coun- 
try-seats were absorbed in this 
portion of the grounds, and they 
remain very nearly as their former 
owners left them. Here a dis- 
tributing reservoir, to contain one 
hundred and five acres, is now 
being constructed. Continuing 
up this side of the river, we come 
finally to Laurel Hill Cemetery, and 
then to the massive stone bridge 



owner. It is now a restaurant, 
where indifferent refreshments are 
dealt out at correspondingly high 
prices; for it is an axiom that men 
pay most for the worst fare. 

Next, following the carriage- 
drive, which, beginning at the 
Green .Street entrance, runs up the 
river, we come to a third hill, for- 
merly called "Sedgely Park." 
Here stands a small frame building 
known as "Grant's Cottage," be- 
cause it was used by that general 
as his head-quarters at City Point. 
If was lirought here at the close of 
the war. 

From tliis liill there is an excel- 
lent view of the .Schuylkill Water- 
Works, which stand in a ra\ine 
just beyond it. -At its foot is tiie 
Girard Avenue Bridge, soon to be 
replaced by the elegant iron struct- 
ure shown in our illustration, the 
work of Clarke, Reeves &: Co., of 
the Phtrnix Iron Works, which 
connects the East and West Parks, 
■way leading to the northeast portion of the Park, now 




VIKW OK SWEKT IIRIIR 1 ROM KCCII.tai-lEI-D. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



63 



over which the coal -trains of the 
Reading Railroad pass on their 
way to Richmond. 

We shall, however, find more 
marks of improvement by crossing 
the Girard Avenue Bridge into the 
West Park. 

Below the bridge, on the west 
side, is a tract called "Solitude," 
and in it stands an ancient house 
built by John Penn, son of Thomas 
Penn and grandson of William, 
and owned by his descendants 
until its purchase by the Park 
Commissioners. Just beyond this, 
the tall stand-pipe of the West 
Philadelphia Water-Works forms a 
conspicuous feature. 

A short distance above the bridge 
is the Children's Play-ground, near 
Sweet Brier Mansion, and passing 
this the road enters Lansdowne 
and crosses the river road by a 
rustic bridge, from which the beau- 
tiful view of the Schuylkill shown 
in our engraving is had. 

The venerable pines shown in our sketch 





SCHUYLKILL BLUFFS, BELOW EDGELY. 



VII W AhO\ I SWI I I BRIl-R 

mark the site of Lansdowne Concourse. This 
fine estate of Lansdowne contained 
two hundred acres, and was estal)- 
lished by John Penn, "the Amer- 
ican," whose nephew, also named 
John, the son of Richard Penn, 
built a stately mansion here, and 
lived in it during the Revolutionary 
war, a struggle in which his sym- 
pathies were by no means with the 
party that was finally successful in 
wresting from him the noble State 
which was his paternal inheritance 
and of which he had been Governor. 

Leaving the Concourse, the road 
skirts the base of Belmont Reser- 
voir, and, winding round a rather 
steep ascent, comes out on the 
summit of George's Hill, two hun- 
dred and ten feet above high tide. 

This tract, containing eighty- 
three acres, was presented to the 
city by Jesse and Rebecca George, 
whose ancestors had held it for 
many generations. As a memorial 
of their generosity, this spot was 
named George's Hill, and its rare 



64 



PHILADELnilA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



advantages of scenery and location will keep their name fresh forever. It is the grand 

objective point of pleasure -parties. Few 
carriages make the tour of the Park with- 
out taking (icorge's Hill in their way, and 
stopping for a few moments on its summit 
to rest their horses and let the inmates feast 
their eyes on the view which lies before 
them, — a view bounded only by League 
Island and the Delaware. 

In the broad meadow which lies at the 
\isitor's feet as he stands on George's Hill, 
looking eastward, it is proposed to hold a 
grand Centennial Exhibition during the 
centenary year of American independence. 
It has been decided that Philadelphia — the 
liirlhplace of liberty — shall be the place in 
which a grateful country will celebrate its 
luindrcdth birthday ; and there can be no 
better place to hold the grand exhibition of 
the fruits of a hundred years' progress by 
which the anniversary is to be celebrated 
than the one already selected. A quarter 
of a mile of track will enable the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad to set down the products of 
all the Western and Southern States under 
the roof of the buildings, in the very cars in 
which they were first packed, and all the 
swLiiT i;kil:k kavink. contributions of the Far East without break- 

ing bulk except in the transfer from steamer 

to rail at San Francisco; while goods coming from Atlantic ports can be unloaded on 





Mil-. LiiH MI'.IA liKllX.i;, I-I<(IM IIIK W I S 1 I'AKK. 

the Schuylkill within sight of their destination. There will be more trouble in bringing 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



65 



heavy articles from some of the manufactories of Philadelphia herself than from California 
or Minnesota. 

But we cannot dwell even on so fruitful a 
theme as the Centennial Exhibition. The car- 
riage-road next brings us to Belmont Mansion. 
This, like most of the buildings in the Park, is 
of very ancient date, having probably been 
erected about 1745. 

This was the home of Richard Peters — poet, 
punster, patriot, and jurist — during the whole 
of his long life. Many of his witty sayings 
are still extant, as are also a number of his 
poems ; while his eminent services as Secretary 
of the Board of War during th^ Revolution, 
Repi'esentative in Congress subsequently, and 
Judge of the United States District Court for 
nearly half his life, will not soon be forgotten. 
Brilliant as have been the assemblages of 
distinguished guests at the many hospitable 
country-seats now included within the bounds 
of Fairmount Park, the associations connected 
with Belmont Mansion outshine all the rest. 
Washington was a frequent visitor; so was 
Franklin ; so were Rittenhouse the astronomer, 
Bartram the eminent botanist, Robert Morris, 
Jefferson, and Lafayette, — of whom a memento 
still remains in the shape of a white-walnut- 
tree planted by his hand in 1824. Talley- 
rand and Louis Philippe both visited this 
place; "Tom Moore's cottage" is just below, 
on the river-bank ; and many other great names might be mentioned in connection with 




THE LANSDOWNE PINES. 




LOOKING EAST FROM BELMONT. 
5 



66 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Belmont, if \vc had room for them. Now, alas! the historic mansion has dej^enerated into 
a restaurant. 

The view from the piazza of the house is one which can scarcely be surpassed in America. 
Our engraving, though drawn by one of the first landscape painters in the country, gives but 
a faint idea of its beauty. It is one of those grand effects of nature and art combined which 
man must acknowledge his inability to represent adecpiately on paper. 




Leaving Belmont, the road passes through a comparatively uninteresting section to Cha- 
mouni, with its lake and its concourse, and the northern limits of the Park. Near the lake 
it intersects the Falls road, and this takes us down to the Schuylkill, which we cross by a 
bridge, and continue up the east bank of the river to its junction with the Wissahickon. 

Tlie Falls of Schuylkill exist only in history now, l)ut l)ef()re the Fairmount dam was built 



PHILADELPHIA AXD IIS ENVIRONS. 



67 



they were a beautiful reality. The cascade, which was formed by a projecting ledge of rock, 
was slight, but in seasons of high water it made a fine display. 

A little above the Falls is the " Battle-Ground," — the scene of an intended battle between 
the Americans under Lafayette and the British under General Grant. The latter, however, 
unlike his distinguished modern namesake, allowed himself to be outgeneraled, and Lafayette 




A VIEW ON THE WISSAHICKON. 



sucflBeded in executing a masterly retreat,— that being the only thing he could do under the 

circumstances. Here, also, was fought the memorable and disastrous battle of Germantown. 

Th^Vissahickon is a lovely stream winding through a narrow valley between steep and 

Is which are wooded to their summits, and have the appearance of a mountain-gorge 

Js of miles from civilization, rather than a pleasure -retreat within the limits of a 

great «y. 



lofty 
hundr^ 



6S 



PJJ/LADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




UP THE WISSAHICKON — MEGARCEE S PAPER MILL. 

In its lower reaches the stream is cahn and peaceful, and boats are kept at the two or three 
small hostelries which stand on its banks, for the convenience of those who wish to row on 
the placid waters. This calm beauty changes as the valley ascends, and we soon find the 
stream a mountain torrent, well in keeping with its picturesque situation and surroundings. 







THE WISSAHICKON — liRIDUL AT VALLEY (JKEEN. 



THE WLSSAHICKU.N — liRIUL.L .NL.VK MT. AIRY. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROAS. 



69 




THE PIPE BRIDGE OVER THE WISSAHICKON. 



So with alternate rush of torrent and placid beauty of calm reaches the romantic stream flows 
down from the high table-lands of Chestnut Hill to its embouchure in the valley of the 
Schuylkill. 

A few manufacturing establishments have invaded the sequestered valley ; but the Park 
Commissioners have taken measures to do away with them all after a certain number of years, 
and restore the Wissahickon as nearly as possible to its pristine wildness and unfettered beauty. 

One of these invaders — Edward Megargee's paper-mill — is shown in our illustration. Like 
most of the others, it is now owned by the city, but will be operated by the heirs of its late 
owner for ten years, ending in 1882, after which it will be removed. 




PRO BONO PUBLICO. 



UP THE WISSAHICKON. 



70 



PHILADELPHIA AXD ITS ENVIRONS. 



We may briefly notice a few of the many points of interest in this romantic glen, some of 
which our artists have sketched in a manner which renders pen-and-ink descriptions super- 



fluous. 



Soon after leaving the Schuylkill, the drive up the Wissahickon passes the " Maple Spring" 
restaurant, where a curious collection of laurel-roots deftly shaped into all manner of strange 
or familiar objects, the work of the proprietor, will repay a visit. 

A little above this, a lane descends through the woods to the Hermit's Well, which is said to 




1111 WISSAHICKON AT CHESTNUT HILL. 

have been dug bv John Kelpius, a German Pietist, who settled down here, with forty followers, 
two hundred years ago. and lived a hermit's life, waiting for the fulfillment of his dreams. 
He and his associates gave names to many of the scenes about here, among them the Hermit s 
Pool, of which we give an illustration. 

Three and a half miles above its mouth the stream is crossed by a beautiful structure called 
the Pipe Bridge, six hundred and eighty-four feet long and one hundred feet above the creek. 
The water-pipes that supply C.ennantown with water form the chords of the bridge, the whole 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIPONS. 



71 




UP THE WISSAHICKON — THE DRIVE. 

being bound together with wrought-iron. It was designed by Frederic Graff, and constructed 
under his superintendence. A hundred yards above this is the wooden bridge shown in our 
engraving. Near this is the Devil's Pool, a basin in Creshein Creek, a small tributary of the 
Wissahickon. 

The next point of interest is the stone bridge at Valley Green, and half a mile beyond this 




THE WISSAHICKON — THE HERMIT'S POOL. 



HEMLOCK GLEN. 



72 



nilLADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROXS. 




is the first public drinking-fountain erected in Philadelphia. It was placed here in 1854, and 
was the precursor of a numerous and beneficial following. 

A mile and a half of ru<jged scenery ensues, terminating in the open sunlight and beautiful 

landscapes of Chestnut Hill, where 
the end of the Park is reached. 

Watson, in his "Annals of Phil- 
adelphia," speaks thus of "The 
^£s-35;^E=i\ Wissahickon " 

" This romantic creek and scenery, now 
so much visited and familiar to many, was 
not long since an extremely wild, unvisited 
place, to illustrate which I give these facts, 
to wit : Enoch and Jacob Rittenhouse, 
residents there, told me in 1845 that when 
they were boys the place had many pheas- 
ants ; that they snared a hundred of them 
in a season ; they also got many partridges. 
The creek had many excellent fish, such 
as large sunfish and perch. The summer 
wild ducks came there regularly, and were 
shot often; also, some winter ducks. They 
'!i('n had no visitors from the city, and only 
. icciisionally from Germantown. There 
they lived quietly and retired ; now all is 
public and bustling, — all is changed !" 

The natural beauties of P'air- 
mount Park are now its chief at- 
traction, but these can be greatly 
enhanced by the discreet addition 
of works of art in the shape of 
statues, fountains, busts, etc. We 
are happy to state that a society 
under the name of the Fairmount 
Park Art Association has recently 
been established with the object of facilitating this adornment, and already embraces a large 
number of prominent citizens among its members. It should be the pride of every citizen to 
encourage its efforts. This Association has already erected two handsome bronze pieces, one 
representing "Night," the other a very handsome and artistic group, representing two 
wolves quarreling over the carcass of a deer. 




GI.EN FERN, WISSAHICKON. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

There are many objects of interest in the city which are not enumerated in this work, our 
object being to sketch only the principal ones. 

No visitor should fail to see the Navy Yard, in the southern part of the cityi with its 
immense ship-houses, floating- and dry-docks, shops, and arsenal, and the noble vessels 
constantly lying at its wharves. Cars run down Second, Fourth, Sixth, and Seventh Streets 
every few minutes, the last named conveying passengers to the gate of the yard, and the 




FRANKLIN SUGAR REFINERY. 



Others passing within a short distance of it. Admission is free to all parts of the yard, and 
passes to go on board the vessels can be readily procured at the commander's office, just 
inside the gate. The rows of ordnance, stacks of balls, and especially the arsenal, with its 
relics, will interest the visitor. 

The huge yet elegant buildings of the Franklin Sugar Refinery, at Delaware Avenue and 
Almond Street, a short distance above the Navy Yard, form a conspicuous object, and cannot 
fail to attract the visitor's attention. 



74 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENl'IA'ONS. 



As might be supposed, the Delaware, with its broad stream, deep channel, and abrupt bank, 
is the chosen home of the sliipping interest, while the Schuylkill is still waiting for the time to 
come when its shores will be needed to relieve the eastern wharves. 

Next above the Navy Yard are the grain wharves of the Pennsylvania Railroad, with a large 
elevator overlooking them ; and from these to Kensington there is a constant succession of 
shipping wharves, many of which have great local fame. 

Among these are Spruce Street wharf, the great oyster depot ; Dock Street wharf, famous 
for peaches ; Chestnut and Market, the great passenger wharves, where we may take boat up 





VIN?:*STREKT FERRY, TERMINUS OF THE C.\MI)EN AM) .\TLANTIC RAILROAD. 

or down the river or across to Camden ; \'ine Street wliarf, the terminus of the Canulcn and 
Atlantic Railroad, whence in summer-time thousands depart daily for a run down to the beach> 

" To cool tlicm in the sea ; " 

Willow Street wharf, which is one of the termini of the Reading Railroad, and near to which 
the extensive freight depots of the Reading and the North I'ennsylvania roads stand harmo- 
niously side by side ; and Poplar Street wharf, with its huge stacks of lumber. One of the 
most extensive of these yards, that of Patterson & Lippincott, is represented in the accom- 
panying view ; Smith «S: Harris's Lumber Yard, at Coates Street wharf, is also shown. 

In this neighborhood, at Front .md Laurel Streets, stands an imposing monument to energy 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



75 



and industry. The Keystone Saw Works of Henry Disston & Sons, started in a cellar by th'e 
senior member of the firm, have developed into the establishment shown in our illustration, 
which covers eight acres of ground, employs nine hundred hands, and turns out five tons of 
finished saws and other tools daily. It has branches at Tacony and Chicago, and may be 
well termed the pioneer factory of its kind in America. 

Kensington is the headquarters of the shipbuilding interest in the city proper; though there 
are first-class yards, turning out excellent work, at Kaighn's Point, Gloucester, Wilmington, 
and other points on the Delaware, all of which come properly under the head of Philadelphia 
enterprises. 

At the present time (1873) all these yards are busy, no less than sixteen iron steamers 
of large size being in course of construction on the Delaware, besides a number of wooden 




VIEW OF THE POPLAR STREET LUMBER WHARVES. 



vessels. Three lines of first class steamers to Europe have been recently established and 
are now in operation. Cramp & Sons, at Kensington, secured the contract for building four 
of the largest-sized iron steamers at once, to be placed in service as completed. Two of 
these, the Pemisylvaitia and the Ohio, shown in our illustration, are now in active service. 

Philadelphia hitherto has aspired little to the title of a commercial city, but has been con- 
tent with being the largest manufacturing centre in the United States. Now, however, active 
exertions are being made to establish a commerce, and there can be little doubt of their 
ultimate success. Already the house of William P. Clyde & Co. has lines of steamers running 
to Boston, New York, Wilmington, Baltimore, and all the principal points on the South 
Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States ; and several other firms have lines nearly as 
extensive. The venerable Thomas Clyde, founder of the firm of William P. Clyde & Co., 



76 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




is probably the owner of more 
vessels than any other man in 
the world, having no less than 
fifty-iii.>o steamers. 

Kensington also contains 
many important iron works 
and other manufacturing es- 
tablishments ; but the locality 
favored by the heaviest 
workers in iron is that for- 
m L- r 1 \- known as " Green 
Hill," extending from Thir- 
teenth to Eighteenth Streets, 
on the line of the Reading 
Railroad. Here are the Bald- 
win Locomotive Works before 
mentioned, the Norris Loco- 
motive Works, William Sellers 
& Co.'s Machine Tool Works, 
li a V i n g deservedly a world- 
wide reputation, and several 
other establishments whose 
names arc known all over the 
Union. And at Twenty-first 
and Callowhill, still in the 
same busy region, are the 
extensive machine shops of 
William B. Bement & Son. 
Several of these extensive es- 
tablishments are represented 
among our engravings. 

When we say that the values 
of Philadelphia manufactures 
for the fiscal year ending June 
30, 1 87 1, footed up the re- 
spectable total of nearly three 
luindred and forty million 
dollars, that eight thousand 
five hundred mills, foundries, 
and factories combined to 
produce this result, and that 
one hundred and thirty-six 
thousand operatives, assisted 
by steam-engines aggregating 
fifty-five thousand horse- 
power, did the work, the 
reader will see that a detailed 
account of the manufactures 
of -the city is scarcely to be ex- 
]icctcd in a work of this size. 

Suffice it to say, then, that 
iron articles of anv size or 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



77 



shape, from a tack-hammer to a 
three-thousand-ton steamer, can 
be supphed in any quantity by the 
manufactories of Philadelphia. 

Other industries exist in equal 
proportion. Manayunk, on the 
Schuylkill, is alive with paper-, 
cotton-, and woolen-mills ; all the 
other suburbs contain large in- 
dustrial works ; and, indeed, the 
whole city is one vast workshop, 
in which the visitor can spend 
many days pleasantly and profit- 
ably, viewing the varied opera- 
tions of all the departments of its 
industry. 

We present a view of one of the 
laboratories of Powers & Weight- 
man, the leading manufacturers of 
chemicals in the country. This is 
situated at the Falls of Schuylkill. 
They have another extensive es- 
tablishment at Ninth and Parrish 
Streets, in the city proper. 

We also present a view of Mac- 
Kellar, Smiths & Jordan's type- 
foundry, the oldest existing type- 
foundry in the United States, as 
well as one of the largest. The 
business of the firm was founded 
in 1796, by Binny & Ronaldson, 
and has steadily grown to its 
present size and importance. 
Our engraving gives a good view 
of the lower part of Sansom Street, 
with Independence Square in the 
background. 

Cornelius & Sons' establish- 
ment, the largest manufactory of 
gas-fixtures in the United States, 
is well shown in our cut. This 
building is on Cherry, above 
Eighth, and is one of the many 
handsome manufactories which 
adorn the heart of the city. This 
firm has also a handsome store 
on Chestnut Street, below Broad. 

At the corner of Fifth and 
Cherry Streets is the large and 




imposing factory of W. H. Horstmann & Sons, of which a view is presented. Established 
in 181 5, this concern has for years been the most extensive manufacturers of military and 
society goods, dress and upholstery trimmings, etc., in this country. 



78 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




VIKW ON THE DELAWARK — A CLYDE STEAMSHII'. 

The city takes good care of the army of working-people encamped in her midst. Not only 
does she afford them comfortable homes at moderate cost to an extent unequaled in any other 




THE FIRST VI ^si.i.s oi- rHE AMi:Ki< AN > 1 l.A.MSll U' COMl'ANY, 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



79 












VIEW OF THE SCHUYLKILL AT THE FALLS. 



city, but she also provides liberally for their comfort when sick, for their mental impro\ ement 
when in health, for their recreation when at leisure, and for their children at all times. 




8o 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 




The oldest and most important 
of the hospitals of the city is the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, which was 
founded in 1750. It is located in 
the square bounded by Eighth, 
Ninth, Spruce, and Pine Streets, 
and may be visited after 10 a.m. 
on any day except Saturday and 
Sunday. Another similar institu- 
tion is the Episcopal Hospital, in 
the northeastern part of the city. 

The Blockley Almshouse is on 
the west side of the Schuylkill, 
nearly opposite the Naval Asylum, 
and is reached by the Walnut 
Street cars. There are six build- 
ings, each five hundred feet long 
and three stories high, arranged 
in a quadrangle, with two wings. 

The United States Naval Asy- 
lum is on Gray's Ferry Road, 
below South Street. It is a beau- 
tiful place, and forms a snug har- 
bor for the gallant seamen who 
have grown old and feeble in 
their country's service. 

The Wills Eye Hospital, on 
Race Street, opposite Logan 
Square, is a finely situated charity, 
which does a great deal of good in 
an unobtrusive way. 

For the establishment of Girard 
College, a work magnificent alike 
in purpose, plan, and execution, 
Philadelphia is indebted, as for so 
many other benefits, to Stephen 
(Girard. 

This eccentric but benevolent 
man made provision in his will 
for the erection of a college which 
should accommodate not less than 
three hundred children, who must 
be poor, white, male orphans, be- 
tween the ages of six and ten 
years. For the site of the college, 
Mr. Girard bequeathed an estate 
of forty -five acres, called Peel 
Hall, situated on the Ridge Ro;ui, 
about a mile from its junction with 

Ninth .ind \ ine Streets; antl iierc tlie buildmgs were erected, the sum of two million dollars 

having been provided by the founder for the establishment and support of the institution. 

The capacity of the present buildings is five hundred and fifty, and that is about the number 

of the inmates now. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



8i 



The College proper is justly cele- 
brated as one of the most beautiful 
structures of modern times, as well 
as the purest specimen of Grecian 
architecture in America. It has 
been so often described that we 
deem it unnecessary to give more 
than a pictorial sketch of it. The 
monument, of which we give an 
illustration, was erected in 1869 to 
commemorate those of the College 
graduates who fell in the war of 
the Rebellion. It was designed 
and built by W. Strothers & Son, 
the largest dealers in worked mar- 
ble in the city. Visitors will pro- 
cure tickets of admission at the 
Ledger office, and take the Ridge 
Avenue cars. 

Philadelphia has supplemented 
her admirable educational system 
by establishing a number of ex- 
cellent public libraries, only one 
of which, however, the Appren- 
tices' Library, at Fifth and Arch, 
is entirely free to its patrons. Of 
the others, the handsomest build- 
ing is that containing the Mer- 
cantile Library, on Tenth Street, 
between Chestnut and Market. 

We present a view of the Cathe- 
dral of St. Peter and St. Paul, on 
Eighteenth Street, opposite Logan 
Square. The corner-stone of this 
magnificent building, the finest 
Catholic church in the city, and 
up to the present date the finest 
in the United States, was laid by 
the Right Rev. F. P. Kenrick, 
September 6, 1846, and it was 
opened for divine service Novem- 
ber, 1864. The edifice is one hun- 
dred and thirty-six feet front, two 
hundred and sixteen feet deep, 
and two hundred and ten feet in 
total height. The interior of the 
building is cruciform, and is de- 
signed in the most elaborate 
Roman-Corinthian style. 

Logan Square, opposite which the Cathedral stands, is surrounded with frne dwellings, and 
bears the same relation to this part of the city as Rittenhouse Square does to the southern 
portion. Surrounding the latter are many of the handsomest residences in the city, and 

6 




82 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



especially noticeable among them is that of Joseph Harrison, Jr., on East Rittenhouse Square, 
a view of which is herewith presented. 

The seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, near Ovcrbrook Station, on the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, about five miles from the city, is for the instruction of those who intend to devote them- 
selves to the ministry of the Roman Catholic Church in the diocese of Philadelphia. Its 
architecture is of the Italian order. 




.SA.NSOM .STKKKT AM) .IN UKl'KNDI'.NrK .sgUAKL. 



We also present a view of the Central Congregational Church, at ICightcenth and Green 
Streets, a new and handsome edifice, the architecture of which is in the late Norman style. 

For the protection of the honest portion of the community, it has always been found neces- 
sary to place restraints upon the wicked ; and there are in Philadelphia several illustrations of 
what is frcciuentiy extolled as "the admirable prison system of Pennsylvania." 

The Kastern Penitentiary, to which convicts are sent from the eastern counties of the St; te, 



PHILADELPHIA AND IIS ENVIRONS. 



83 




CHERRY STREET, ABOVE EIGHTH. 

is on Coates Street, near Twenty-second. The " separate" [not solitary) system of confine- 
ment is adopted here, but is modified to the extent of confining two prisoners in each of the 




GIRARD COLLEGE. 



84 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



larger cells whenever the crotV'ded state of the prison renders it necessary. Each prisoner is 
furnished with work enough to keep him moderately busy, and is permitted to earn monev 
for himself by overwork. He is allowed to see and converse with the chaplain, prison- 
inspectors, and other officials, and an occasional visitor, but not with any of his fellow- 
prisoners. The advantages claimed for this system are that convicts have leisure and 




SOLUllCRS MONUMKNT .AT (ilKAUn COLLKGK. 



opportunity for reflection and for the formation of steady and correct habits, and are not in 
danger, when set free, of meeting other prisoners who can identify them and thus obtain a 
fearful influence over them. 

The grounds connected with this prison cover about eleven acres, nearly all of which space 
is covered with buildings, the whole being surrounded with a stone wall thirty feet high. The 
plan of the buildings may be compared to a star with seven rays, there being a central hall 



1 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



85 



with seven corridors running from it, so arranged that the warden, sitting in the centre, has 
the whole length of each corridor under his eye. 




THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 



Permits to visit any of the prisons in the city can be obtained at the Ledger office. Visitors 
to the Eastern Penitentiary will take the Green and Coates Streets cars (running out Eighth 
Street), or the yellow cars of the Union line, running out Ninth and up Spring Garden. 




INTERIOR VIEW OF THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 

The Eastern Penitentiary is frequently called " Cherry Hill," from the former name of its 
site ; and for the same reason the County Prison, at Eleventh and Passyunk Road, is generally 



86 



PHILADELPHIA AA'D ITS ENVIRONS. 



known as " Moyamensing." Visitors to this prison will take cars on Tenth or Twelfth Street, 
or the green cars of the Union line, on Seventh Street. 

The House of Refuge, for juvenile offenders, is on Twenty-second Street, near Poplar. 
Visitors are admitted every afternoon, except Saturday and Sunday. Take the Green and 
Coates, Poplar Street, or Ridge Avenue cars,— the last running up Arch to Ninth and out 
Ninth to Ridge Avenue. The green and red cars of the Union line, running out Ninth Street, 
connect with the Poplar Street line, and passengers ride through for one fare. 




CATHi:i>KAL OF ST. IMiTICK AM) ST. PAUL. 

The new House of Correction, now lacing built near Holmesburg, in the northern part of 
the city, is shown in our illustration. This building is to contain two thousand cells, and its 
erection is contracted for by R. J. Dobbins, the eminent l)uilder, for the sum of one million 
dollars. 

The green cars of the Union line, running out Ninth Street, and the red cars of the Second 
and Third Streets line, running out Third Street, botii convey passengers to Richmond, where 
the coal wharves of the Philadelpliia and Reading Railroad are situated. These are on the 
Delaware, about thirty-tive minutes' ride north from Market Street, and present at all times a 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROjVS. 



87 










SEMINARY OF ST. CHARLES BORROMEO. 



scene such as can be witnessed at few other places on earth. Branching off from the main 
stem of the road at the Falls of Schuylkill, a double track runs to Richmond and there divides 
into many, and these into more, until the vast yard of the company is filled with diverging 




EAST RITTENHOUSE SQUARE. 



88 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIPONS. 













iL 




nil-. M-.W lliilM-. til- niKKl-.CTlON, ih>liml:shur(> 




( KNTRAI. CUN(;I<K(;ATI()NAK CIlUKlH. 



rays which resemble a gigantic 
fan. Puffing engines incessantly 
run long lines of grimy cars to 
the different piers, where their 
contents are dumped into a fleet 
of vessels whose size and numbers 
would have delighted the heart of 
I'enn could he have anticipated 
such a commerce for his city. It 
is a busy, dirty, animated scene ; 
and whoso would witness it must 
not care for soiled clothes. 

The Germantown Railroad will 
carry the visitor in a few minutes 
to two of the most delightful 
uburbs of which the city can 
boast. These are Germantown 
md Chestnut Hill, both fdlcd 
\ith beautiful country-seats, and 
I cndered doubly interesting by his- 
torical associations. We regret 
that we have not space to enu- 
merate their most prominent 



1 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



points of interest ; but all we can do is to recommend the stranger to make the visit for him- 
self. We present, however, as a specimen of the architectui-e in this part of the city, a view 
of the residence of Thomas MacKellar, at Germantown. The " Old York Road," too, running 
through the northwestern part of the city, passes through a beautiful rolling country studded 
with eleo-ant country-seats, of which one of the finest — that of R. J. Dobbins — is shown in 
our illustration. 

Once an hour a car starts from the depot of the Second and Third Streets line at Richmond, 
and runs to Bridesburg. The ride from Richmond to Bridesburg is made in forty minutes, 
the route lying through a pleasant country, filled with country-seats and small farms, and 




A GERMANTOWN RESIDENCE. 



having the Delaware for a boundary the entire distance. The car stops within a short dis- 
tance of the P'rankford Arsenal, belonging to the United States Government. It is open to 
visitors during the day; but it is best to visit it during the forenoon, as the shops close at 
4 P.M., and the length of time consumed in reaching it leaves a very small margin for sight- 
seeing in the afternoon. 

The visitor crosses a little bridge, over Frankford Creek, the boundary -line between 
Bridesburg and Frankford, walks up a well-paved sidewalk along the wall of the Arsenal, 
and a polite officer on duty at the gate directs him to the office, where a pass to visit the 
shops is given him. The grounds are open, and he may wander at will along the paths. 



90 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



These grounds cover sixty-two and a half acres, are beautifully situated and laid out, and are 
kept in perfect order. A few brass field-pieces, and some long piles of cannon-balls stacked 




MOVAMKNSIXG J'KISON. 



up like stone fences on New England farms, with a solitary sentinel pacing his beat, and the 
stars and stripes floating overhead, are the only things that suggest the warlike uses of the 




^-; W 



A KKSIDENCE AT CHELTON HILLS, ON THE "OLD YORK ROAD." 

place. The shops are devoted solely to the manufacture of fixed ammunition ; all the car- 
tridges used by the United States army arc made liere, and, as may be supposed, the late war 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



91 



taxed the energies of the laboratories to their utmost capacity. During the height of the war, 
work in these shops never stopped. Night and day, Sundays and holidays, it went on, the 




JENKS'S FACTORY, BRIDESBURG. 
demand constantly increasing, until Lee's surrender stopped midway the erection of an 




THE HARRISON BOILER WORKS. 



additional building calculated to turn out one million cartridges a day. That building is 
finished now, and ready for the next call. 



92 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

The manufacture of cartridges is an interesting process, and well worth seeing, and the 
visitor will scarcely regret the five-mile ride required to visit the Arsenal. 

In this vicinity the visitor's eye will be attracted by the tall chimney of the Bridesburg 
Manufacturing Company's Works, an establishment celebrated for cotton and woolen ma- 
chinery, but diverted during the war from this peaceful business to the manufacture of guns 
and other warlike weapons. 

Another United States Arsenal is situated near the Naval Asylum, on Gray's Ferry Road. 
This is devoted to the manufacture of shoes, clothing, etc. It is reached by the cars of the 
Spruce and Pine and Lombard and South Streets railways, and just beyond it are the exten- 
sive buildings of the Harrison Boiler Works, shown in our engraving. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



93 



PLACES OF INTEREST. 



Penn Treaty Monument — Beach Street, above 

Hanover. Take street-cars marked " Richmond." 

The same cars pass the extensive coal wharves of 

the Reading Railroad, at Richmond. 
Old Swedes' Church — Swanson Street, below 

Christian. Take Second Street cars. The Navy 

Yard is in this vicinity. 
Penn's Cottage — Letitia Street, between Front and 

Second, near Market. 
London Coffee-House — Southwest corner Front 

and Market. 
Carpenters' Hall — Chestnut, below Fourth. 
Independence Hall — Chestnut, between Fifth and 

Sixth. Entrance to steeple granted on application 

to the Superintendent, in the Hall. 
" Hultsheimer's New House" — Southwest corner 

Seventh and Market. 
Christ Church — Second, above Market. 
Franklin's Grave — Southeast corner Fifth and 

Arch. 
Philadelphia Library and Loganian Library 

— Fifth, below Chestnut. 
Ledger Building — Sixth and Chestnut. 
Philadelphia Dispensary (oldest institution of 

the kind in America, having been established in 

1786)— 127 South Fifth. 
American Philosophical Society — Fifth, below 

Chestnut. 
Athen>«um and Historical Society of Penn- 
sylvania— Sixth and Adelphi, below Walnut. 
Academy of Natural Sciences — Broad, below 

Chestnut. Open Tuesday and Friday afternoons. 

Admission 10 cents. 
Franklin Institute — Seventh, above Chestnut. 
Mercantile Library — Tenth, above Chestnut. 
Apprentices' Library — Southwest corner Fifth 

and Arch. 
University of Pennsylvania — Ninth, above 

Chestnut (new building. Thirty-sixth and Darby 

Road). 
GiRARD College — Ridge Avenue, above Nineteenth 

Street. Tickets at Ledger office. Take Ridge 

Avenue or Nineteenth Street cars. 
School of Design for Women — Northwest Penn 

Square. 
Pennsylvania Hospital — Eighth and Spruce. 
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane— Hav- 

erford Road, West Philadelphia. Tickets at Ledger 

office. Take Market Street cars. 



Institution for the Deaf and Dumb — Broad 
and Pine. Exhibitions Thursday afternoons. Tickets 
at Ledger office. 

Episcopal Hospital— 2649 North Front Street. 

United States Naval Asylum — Gray's Ferry 
Road, below South. Take cars out Pine or South 
Street. 

Northern Home for Friendless Children — 
Twenty-third and Brown. Take Union line of cars 
out Ninth Street (Fairmount branch). 

Blind Asylum— Twentieth and Race. Admission to 
Wednesday afternoon concerts, 15 cents. 

Blockley Almshouse— West Philadelphia. Take 
Walnut Street cars to Thirty-fourth Street. Tickets 
at 42 North Seventh Street. 

County Prison, or " Moyamensing" — Eleventh and 
Passyunk Road. Tickets at Ledger office. 

Eastern Penitentiary — Coates, above Twenty- 
second. Tickets at Ledger office. Take cars out 
Coates Street, or Fairmount cars of the Union line. 

House of Refuge — Twenty-second, near Poplar. 
Admission every afternoon, except Saturday and 
Sunday. Tickets at Z.f(/^^r office. Take Fairmount 
cars of Union line. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery — Ridge Avenue. Take 
Ridge Avenue cars. 

Mt. Vernon Cemetery — Nearly opposite Laurel 
Hill. 

Monument Cemetery — Broad Street, opposite 
Berks. 

Woodland Cemetery — Darby Road, West Phil- 
adelphia. Take Darby cars, or Walnut Street cars 
to Thirty-ninth Street. 

League Island — Foot of Broad Street. 

Frankford Arsenal— Frankford. Take Richmond 
horse-cars. 

United States Mint — Chestnut, above Thirteenth. 
Admission from 9 to 12 A.M., daily, except Saturday 
and Sunday. 

Custom House — Chestnut, above Fourth. 

Post Office — Chestnut, below Fifth. 

Mayor's Office — Fifth and Chestnut. 

Commercial Exchange — Second, below Chestnut. 

Merchants' Exchange — Third and Walnut. 

Union League House — Broad and Sansom. Vis- 
itors admitted on being introduced by a member of 
the League. 

Masonic Hall (old) — 717 Chestnut; (new) Broad, 
below Arch. 



Admission to the above, free, except where otherwise stated. 



94 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



Academy of Music — Broad and Locust. 
Arch Street Theatre — Arch, west of Sixth. 
MUSEU-M — Ninth and Arch. 
Sl.MMONS AND Slocum's Opeka Hul bl". — .\rch, 

above Tenth. 
Chestnut Street Theatke — Chestnut, above 

Twelfth. 



Fox's American Theatre— Chestnut, above Tenth. 
Eleventh Street Opera House — Eleventh, above 

Chestnut. 
Walnut Street Theatre— Ninth and Walnut. 
Musical Fund Hall— Locust, below Ninth. 
Horticultural Hall— Broad, below Locust. 
Concert Hall— Chestnut, above Twelfth. 



RAILROAD DEPOTS. 



Pennsylvania Central Railrdad— Thirty-first 
and Market, Kensington, and Market Street Ferry. 

Philadeli'Hl\ and Reading Railroad — Thir- 
teenth and Callowhill ; Cermantown and Norristoivn 
Branch, Ninth and Green. 

Philadelphia, Wil.mington and Baltimore 
Railroad — Broad and Prime. 



North Pennsylvania Railroad — Berks and 

American Streets, above Second. 
Camden and .Atlantic Railroad — Vine Street 

Ferry. 
West Chester and PhiladelphIv^Railkoad — 

Thirty-first and Chestnut. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



95 




BLOOMSDALE. 

Great, and varied to an extent almost unexampled elsewhere, are the natural resources 
and industrial interests of Pennsylvania, as portrayed on other pages of this volume, dedi- 
cated as a record of the resources and productions of our grand old Commonwealth, so aptly 
termed the Keystone State. 

In mineral and other deposits none can compare with her ; in the mechanism and skill 
which converts her ores from their crude condition into the ponderous, delicate, or minute 
forms useful to man, her sons are not excelled within or without the Union. 

The ingenuity of Pennsylvania artisans is, in every branch of industry, almost world-wide : 
her locomotives traverse every road in Europe, and her iron ships, afloat and being built 
(a comparatively new outlet for her enterprise making the Delaware the rival of the Clyde), 
are destined to spread her fame wherever American commerce reaches. In view of such 
well-earned reputation, with such mechanical and artistic record, how fitting it is her tillage, 
on which commerce, manufactures, and industry of every kind repose, should be esteemed 
noteworthy. It is pleasant to know that her fertile soil, her intelligent husbandmen, her 
crops, and flocks, and herds may be referred to as justly entitled to high discriminating praise. 
It is true we have not within our borders broad prairies like unto those of the far West, nor its 
unctuous soil which knows no depth, and ever yields without exhaustion of fertility. We glory 
in the natural wealth of our sister States — their prosperity is ours as well ; but in our mines of 
coal, and iron, and other minerals, in our ceaseless flow of oil, nature has dealt kindly by us 
also. The gold of California, the cotton of the South, the sugar of Louisiana and Texas, the 
silks and other fibres of the world, the spices and coffees of the tropics, the highest mechanism 
of Europe, its best efforts in the useful and fine arts, are all at our command ; we have only 
to stretch forth our hands and grasp what has been so bountifully placed within our reach ; 
what has been denied us in nature's profuse scattering we have gained by thoughtful, well- 
directed efforts in the rotation of crops, in the application of appropriate fertilizers, and 
other means intelligently directed to a desired end, until "Pennsylvania Agriculture" has 
become simply another term for high-farming and successful tillage, whilst those who, resi- 
dent at distant points, seek the best, whether it be the fine strains of animals which graze its 
rich pastures, or the seeds of grasses, cereals, or vegetables, bend their steps hitherward, and 
never go empty away. 

Under such conditions the editor has found it no easy task to single out an individual rural 
estate for special notice ; indeed, it must be unhesitatingly admitted, not one alone has claim 
to so eminent distinction, but it is impracticable on this occasion, with our limited space, to 
describe more than one, to be accepted as a type of many. 

On the Delaware, a few miles above Philadelphia, and adjoining that fertile tract known as 
Penn's Manor, a wise and discriminating reservation of the proprietary Governor, is Blooms- 
dale, which we have selected as illustrative of the rural industry of Pennsylvania. This 



96 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 





estate, we d^VSniesitate to say, has contributed, in an especially 

large degree, to the public good, by its products and by its eminent 

example also. Bloomsdale may be assumed a model of intelligent 

industry, systematic culture, and rural progress. It embraces within 

its boundaries, independent of outlying lands, five hundred acres 

devoted to the culture and product oi seeds, known in every hamlet, 

almost on every farm-hold and country homestead, as " Land- 

reth's," — known almost equally well on the banks of the Missouri, 

the Mississippi, and the Ganges, — for it should be stated, to the business credit and reputation 

of the firm, that for three generations Landreth's Seeds have been annually shipped to India, 

and are preferred by KngHshmen resident in Hindostan to the seeds of their own native land, 

our climate ripening them better than the humid air of England. 

It is the modest motto of the proprietors of Bloomsdale that " Landreth's Seeds speak their 
own praise." They certainly cannot have done so with feeble voice, for not only are those 
broad acres taxed to their utmost productive power, but nearly approaching one thousand 
other acres in addition, owned, occupied, and cultivated by the firm, are devoted to seed- 
culture ; by this it is not intended to designate lands simply tributary, tilled by their owners 
who raise crops on contract, without direct control of those who have bargained for the pro- 
duct (as it is the custom with seed-merchants thus to obtain supplies), but immediate, active, 
personal care and supervision. Thus an idea may be conceived, though necessarily imper- 
fect, of the activity of mind and energy called forth by such extended operations ; but system 
and order are ever triumphant, and in the case in point the adage is aptly illustrated. With 
increased acreage has come increased reputation, and Pennsylvania may claim the credit, not 
a slight one we opine, of having conducted within her borders a seed trade larger than exists 
elsewhere (if lands be taken as the measure), not alone within the Union, but without as well. 
Europe, travelers assert, can exhibit nothing of like extent. This is no idle boast, made in 
the interest of private enterprise or pride of commonwealth. 

Independent of the numerous workmen employed on the estate,— many of whom have been 
life-long attaches of the establishment, occupying cottages on the premises, and as much at 
home as the proprietors themselves— a pleasing feature which it were well to imitate,— there 
are three steam-engines for thrashing, winnowing, and cleaning seeds, grinding feed, etc. ; a 
"caloric "for pumping; and an admirably well-adjusted steaming apparatus for preparing 
food for the working-stock. But, still more worthy of note, there is at Bloomsdale the only 
successful steam-plough in Pennsylvania, drawn by a Williamson direct traction-engine, 
running with the steadiness of a railroad locomotive, and drawing after it a gang of ploughs, 
or it may be a rombination of surface-breakers or sub-soilers, as preparations for varied 
crops demand, thus accomplishing within an hour the labor of a well-conditioned team for an 
entire day. To have been pioneers and led the way in such an effort, and achieved success 
where so many doubted and others scoffed, is indeed noteworthy ; and it is simply right to 
chronicle the fact in a volume descriptive of our Stale, the record, as it were, of its status at 
the present day. As the early efforts in river and ocean navigation are referred to with ever- 
increasing interest as progress is made in that direction, so will in the future be those of 
tillage hv steam, and our State is entitled to its due share of praise with respect to land, as it 
unquestionably is to Fitch's exertions in steam navigation. 

Limited space prohibits many of the details of the operations at Bloomsdale, which we 
would gladly give our readers; the sketch annexed may, however, convey some idea of the 
extent of the structures required for the storage, drying, and preservation of croi)s, and other- 
wise successful prosecution of the peculiar business there conducted, which is a credit to the 
|)r()prietors, the successors of those who founded the business in 1784. and which may be 
classed as prominent among the many industrial enterprises of Pennsylvania. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD INSURE IN 

THE PENN MUTUAL 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

921 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



Incorporated 1847. 



Dividends Paid, 

$2,000,000. 

Losses Paid, 

$2,306,567. 




Income for 1872, 

$1,200,000. 

Cash Dividends 

Declared Annually. 

Accumulated Fund, 

$4,130,643. 



ist. Because it is one of the oldest companies in the countiy, and past the day of experiments, 
ad. Because it is the ONLY PURELY MUTUAL Company in the State. Every policy-holder is a 
member, entitled to all its advantages and privileges, having the right to vote at all elections for 
trustees, and thus has an influence in its management. 
3d. Because it has the largest accumulated fund of any Life Insurance Company in the State. 
4th. Because by economical management its ratio of expenses to total income is less than that of any 

company in the State. (See Official Insurance Reports.) 
5th. Because it has declared MORE DIVIDENDS IN NUMBER, and of a LARGER AVER- 
AGE PERCENTAGE, than any company in the United States. 

For example : A Policy for ^5000 has been paid to the WIDOW OF A PHILADEL- 
PHIA MERCHANT, UPON WHICH TWENTY-THREE DIVIDENDS 
had been declared, AVERAGING FIFTY-SEVEN PER CENT. HAD THESE 
DIVIDENDS BEEN USED TO PURCHASE ADDITIONS TO THIS 
POLICY, $6,046.00 MORE WOULD HAVE BEEN REALIZED, MAK- 
ING THE POLICY WORTH $11,046.00. 
6th. Because it is liberal in its management, prompt in. its settlements, safe beyond contingency, and its 

rates are as low as any good company in the countiy. 
Principal Features. — Absolute security, small expenses, large return premiums, prompt payment of 
losses, and liberality to the insured. 
Special attention is called to the NON-FORFEITURE RULE PECULIAR TO THIS COMPANY, 
in accordance with which ALL ORDINARY LIFE POLICIES which may lapse for non-payment of 
premium AFTER THREE ANNUAL PAYMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE THEREON, are changed 
into PAID-UP POLICIES for an EQUITABLE AMOUNT, EVEN IF NO SPECIAL APPLICA- 
TION FOR THE CHANGE HAS BEEN MADE BY THE INSURED. 

SAMUEL C, HUEY, President. 
SAMUEL E. STOKES, Vice-President. H. S. STEPHENS, Second Vice-President. 

JAS. WEIR MASON, Actuary. H. AUSTIE, Secretary. 



TRUSTEES. 



SAMUEL E. STOKES, 
THOMAS W. DAVIS, 
JOSEPH M. P. PRICE, 
SAMUEL A BISPHAM, 
HENRY C. HOWELL, 
EDMUND A. SOUDER, 
JAMES LONG, 



ANTHONY J. DREXEL, 
JAMES O PEASE, 
RODOLPHUS KENT, 
FREDERIC A. HOYT, 
ELLWOOD JOHNSON, 
WM. C. HOUSTON. 
JOHN G. BRENNER, 



BENJAMIN COATES, 
RICHARD S. NEWBOLD, 
JAMES B. McFARLAND, 
WILLIAM P. HACKER, 
JOSEPH H. TROTTER, 
WILLIAM H. KERN, 
ATWOOD SMITH, 



EDWARD M. NEEDLES, 
JAMES H. MACBRIDE, 
JOHN MILNES, 
WM. H. RHAWN, 
JOSEPH B. HODGSON, 
HOWARD HINCHMAN. 



SOLICITOR, HENRY C. TOWNSEND. 



MEDICAL EXAMINERS. 
EDWARD HARTSHORNE, M.D., 1439 Walnut St. EDWARD A. PAGE, M.D., 1415 Walnut St. 

In attendance at the Office of the Company from i to 2 P.M. daily. 
Philadelphia, January ist, 1873. 

B 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 




THE BABCOCK SELF-ACTING FIRE ENGINE 

Is simple in construction, perfectly safe, always ready for instant use, and has many times the extinguishing 
capacity of the best hand engines, and renders an expensive system of water-works unnecessary. . 
Engines rigged with pole for horses, or rope and reel for hand. 
We manufacture four sizes. Price, complete, $1500 to $3000. 

The superiority of the Engine consists in its simplicity, promptness, efficiency, convenience, saving from 
destruction by water, and its economy. 

It has been adopted by many Fire Departments, and in every instance has given entire satisfaction. Among 
the large number of testimonials received we give the following, from the Chief Engineer of the Boston Fire 
Department : 

Fire Department Office, City Hall, Boston, July 15th, 1873. 
Messrs. Greene & Platt : 

Gentlemen, — Yours is at hand ; in reply 1 will state that the Babcock Engine in service for the past 
eight months has proved itself a very valuable auxiliary to this Department. In every instance it has given entire satisfaction. 
/ chter/ully recommend the Babcock Self-Acting Fire Engine to all to^utis (where the water supply is limited) in frefereTtce 
to a Steam Fire Engine. 

I remain yours respectfully, 

JOHN S. HAMR^IA., Chief Engineer Boston Fire Deft. 
We refer, by permission, to the following parties, who have the Engine in use : 



.lOSEPH L. PERLEY, Fire Marshnl, New York. 
JUnX S. DAMRELL, Chief Engineer, Boston. 
K. A. WILLIAJIS, Fire Marshal, Chicago. 
K. G. MEGKUE. Chief Engineer, Cincinnati. 
BENJ. BULLWINKLE, Chief of Patrol, Chicago. 
J. M. SILVER, Chief Engineer, Kansas City, Mo. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT, LONG BBANCH, New Jersey. 
WAVEKLY, New York. 
WASUIN<;T0N, New Jersey. 
" " HOLYOKE, Miwsaclmsetts. 

WESTKIELD, 
NORTHAMPTON, '■ 



For information, address 



FIKE DEPARTMENT, NATICK, Mmisuclingctts 




GREENE & PLATT, General Agents, 

212 Market Street, Philadelphia. 

The Portable Babcock Fire Extinguisher 

Is in use in many Fire Departments, by over fifty leading railroads, and in thou- 
sands of manufactories, stores, hotels, and private dwellings. It is indorsed as " the 
best means in existence for extinguishing incipient fires and preventing conflagrations." 
We refer to the following parties, oil of whom have used our Machines on accidental 
fres, and testify to their great cfticieiu y ; 

MOKRI.?, TASKEK * CO.. UALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, JESSE W. .'^TARR k SONS. 
FKANKLIN IRON WOKK.S. JACKSON i SHARP CO., BOWERS. DURE t CO.. M. A. KURUl'SH 
i SON, PHILA., WIL. A HALT. R. R. CO., IMIILA. t HALT. CEN. R. R. CO.. PHILA. A RKAI). 
It K. CO.. PHILA. t W CUES. R. R. CO.. CII.MB. VAL. R. R. CO.. CAMD. A ATL. R. R. CO., LEH. 
\ AL. R. R. CO.. H. DlSSTdN A .SONS, SOIITIIWARK FOCNDRY.J . F. STARR, Jr. A CO.. OWEN. 
tCKEL, COLKET A CO.. PHIL. A READ COAL CO.. WM. KENDRICK, H. F. KENNEY. CON- 
(.RESS HALL, Cape M»v. METRt)POLIT.\N HOTEL. Waihington, STOCKTON HOUSE. Cap« 
.May, EXCCRSKJN HOUSE, Atlantic Cil/. HARPER A BROS., N.Y., C. T. PARRY. MATT. BAIRU. 

BABCOCK FIRE APPARATUS, ENGINES, EXTINGUISHERS, AND HOOK AND LADDER TRUCKS. 
GREENE 8c PLATT, General Agents, 212 Market St., Phila. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. % 

TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. 

The Peusytala Compaiiy for Iisiraces on Lives aii GraitiiE Amities. 

NEW^ OFFICE, 431 CHESTNUT STREET. 

INCORPORATED MARCH 10, 1812. 

CHARTER PERPETUAL. 

CAPITAL, $2,000,000. - - . SURPLUS, $750,000. 



Chartered to act as Executors, Administrators, Trustees, Guardians, 
Assignees, Committees, Receivers, Agents, etc.; and for the faithful 
performance of all such duties all its Capital, Surplus, and Assets are 
liable. 

All Trust investments are inscribed in the names of the owners of 
property held in trust, and kept separate and apart from the assets of 
the Company. 

Trust funds are invested as closely as possible, and on trust balances 
interest is allowed at the rate of Four per cent, per annum, as required 
by the Charter. 

Income collected and remitted for One per cent. 

OItT HyCOItTE^Z* IDEIPOSITS 
Interest allowed at Three per cent., payable by check on demand, or 
at Four per cent., payable by check after ten days' notice. 

SAFES INSIDE THE COMPANY'S BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS 

are offered for rent at various prices, according to size and location, 
from ^15 to ^75 per annum. For Corporations and Bankers an extra 
size is provided. 

Every convenience is furnished Safe Renters in the way of desks, 
writing materials, etc., in adjoining rooms. 

The Company receive on deposit, for safe-keeping. Gold and Silver 
Plate, Jewelry, Deeds, Mortgages, and valuable articles generally, 
giving an absolute guarantee for their return on demand, at the usual 
rates. 

LINDLEY SMYTH, President. LILBURN H. STEEL, Treasurer. 

JARVIS MASON, Trust Officer. WM. B. HILL, Actuary, 

I>IItEOTOR8. 

LINDLEY SMYTH, WM. S. VAUX, JOSHUA B. LIPPINCOTT, ANTHONY J. ANTELO, 

CHARLES DUTILH, ADOLPH E. BORIE. CHAS. H. HUTCHINSON, CHARLES S. LEWIS, 

HENRY J. WILLIAMS, ALEXANDER BIDDLE, GEORGE A. WOOD, HENRY LEWIS, 

JACOB P. JONES. 



4 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 

THOMAS T. TASKER.JR. STEPHEN P. M. TASKER. 



-^sa- ^ ^rrZ. ^^ 



MOHmS, TASKEH & CO., 
PASCAL IRON WORKS, 

PHILADELPHIA, 

TASKER IRON WORKS, 

NEW CASTLE, DEL. 

WorJis and Office, Fifth and Tasher Sts., Philadelphia ; 

Office and Warehouse, 15 Gold St., J^eia York; 

Office, 29 Pemherton Square, Boston; 

Office and Warehouse, Titusville, Pa, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

WROUGHT IRON WELDED TUBES, 

Plain, Galvanized, and Rubber Coated, for Gas, Steam, and Water, 

LAP-WELDED CHARCOAL IRON BOILER TUBES, OIL WELL TUBING & CASING, 

Gas and Steam Fittings, Brass Valves and Cocks, 

GAS AND STEAM FITTERS' TOOLS, 

CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE, STREET LAMP POSTS & LANTERNS, 
IMPROVED COAL GAS APPARATUS, ETC. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



T H E AG E. 

DAILY ANDJWEEKLY. 

Tlie Leaiii DEMOCRATIC Newspaper in PemisylTaDia. 



Carefully made up and neatly printed. ) 
Attractive in all its features. j 

The DAILY reaches those who take 
and read no other paper. 

The DAILY contains able editorials, "1 
all the latest local, American, and For- I 
eign news by Associated Press and Cable, j- 
New York and Washington correspond- 
ents, etc. J 

The "DAILY age" is respected by 
all, — even its political opponents. 



. f A WELCOME visitor to the counting- 

PriCe Low. I room, the workshop, and the home circle. 

Circulation f The weekly goes throughout Penn- 

J sylvania, the Middle States, and the en- 
Large, (tire South. 

f The weekly combines literature with 

Contents I "^ws of the day. In its columns are 

\ Stories, Poetry, Departments for Ladies 

Varied. and children, Agricultural Items, Sun- 

[ day Reading, etc. 

C The " weekly age" is acknowledged 
\ to be the best Family Journal printed in 



Unsurpassed, 

Unequaled. [phiiadeTph 
T E 12, im: s. 

DAILY for one year $8.00 | WEEKLY, one year $1.50 

With great reductions to clubs. Subscriptions payable invariably in advance. 
SPECIMEN COPIES SENT FREE ON APPLICATION. 
All communications should be addressed to 

ROBB & BIDDLE, Proprietors, 
Nos. 14 & 16 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia. 

JAMES M. ROEB. CHAS. J. BIDDLE. 

CHARLES~MAGARGE & CO., 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Faper and Paper Makers' Materials, 

Warehouse, 30, 32, and 34 South Sixth Street, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA, 



THE UNDERSIGNED OFFER TO THE TRADE THE FOLLOWING: 

MAP, PLATE, AND PRINTING PAPERS; BLANK BOOK PAPERS (COMPRISING BEST MAKES); CAP, 

LETTER, NOTE, BLOTTING PAPERS, ETC.; BOND PAPERS; PRESS 

BOARDS; TISSUES; MANILLA. 

PAPEK MAKERS' MATERIALS.— Imported and Domestic Rags, Bleaching Salts, "Wire 

Cloths, Feltings, Ultramarine. 

Papers made to order at short notice at our Wissahickon and Hanwell Mills. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



PHILADELPHIA & READING RAILROAD, 

Depot, Thirteenth and Callowhill Streets. 

THROUGH TRAINS^ DAILY TO 

Williamsport, Harrisburg, AUentown, Lancaster, Columbia, 

Shamokin, Mahanoy City, Ashland, Pottsville, Reading. 

CONNECTIONS FOR POINTS IN NEW YORK STATE, CANADA, WEST, AND 

NORTHWEST DAILY. 

PARK ACCOMMODATION TRAINS. 

For the convenience of visitors to FAIRMOIINT PARK, trains are run frequently, landing passen- 
gers at the entrance to the FAMOUS BELMONT GLEN. 

GERMANTOWN & NORRISTOWN BRANCH. 

Depot, Ninth and Green Streets. 

Between 30 and 40 Trains each way to and from GERMANTOWN Daily. 

» 15 '« 20 " «* " CHESTNUT HILL Daily. 

/MANAYUNK, CONSHOHOCKEN, 
«« 15 «< 20 «« «« « J ' » 

^ I and NORRISTOWN Daily. 

The frequency of trains and low commutation rates offer great inducements to those who desire to 
reside in the suburban districts. 

J. E. WOOTTEN, C. G. HANCOCK, 

Gen. Supt., Reading. Gen. Ticket Agent, Phila. 

cThTgarden & CO., 

Nos. 606 & 608 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA, 

MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERS, AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Hats, Caps, and Straw G-oods, 

LADIES' AND MISSES' FURS, 
GENTS' FUR COLLARS AND GLOVES. 

A FlMl. AND VARIED STOCK OF 

Ladies' and Gents' Buck, Flesher, and Kid 
Gloves, Gauntlets, etc. 

A FULL LINE OF 

MILLINERY GOODS, 

CONSISTING OF 

Bonnets, Hats, Ribbons, Silk Velvets, Laces, 
Flowers, Frames, etc. 

AN EXAMINATION OF OUR STOCK IS EARNESTLY SOLICITED. 



,^^i^^^ 




PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-ADVERTISER. 



v^ FURNITURE, ^ 

MATTBESS, FEATHEB, 



m\ 



WAREROOMS, 

Nos.21and23N. Tenth St. 

"^^ abOTe Market. -* 



AOEIVTS FOU THE 

WOVEir WIHE MATTEESS. 

A large stock of goods, from the cheapest to the 

VERY BEST QUALITIES, 



WILLIAM STRUTHERS. 



JOHN STRUTHERS. 



WILLIAM STRUTHERS, JR. 



f 



MARBLE, GRANITE, AND SANDSTONE WORKS, 

ESTABLISHED 1818. 

MOlTUMEiyTAL WORK AND MARBLE MANTELS 
CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

DESIGNS FURNISHED from PLAINEST to MOST ELABORATE. 

BUILDM fORK'OF ALL KINDS CONTRACTED FOR. 
SCOTCH GRANITE IMPORTED. 

OFFICE and WAREROOMS, 1022 Market St. 
STEAM WORKS, Walnut St. Wharf, Schuylkill 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



THE AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. 

NO. 1122 CHESTNUT STREET, PHI Z< AD EI.PHX A, 

SPECIAL TERMS TO SUNDAY-SCHOOLS 

IN THE 

SELECTION OF NEW AND REPLENISHING OF OLD LIBRARIES. 

THE SOCIETY ISSUES 

THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORLD, 

A Monthly for Teachers. 50 cents per annum. Containmg the International Series of Sunday-School 
Lessons, with Explanations by the Rev. John Hall, D.D. 



Of three grades for the use of Scholars. 75 cents per 100 copies, monthly. 

THE CHILD'S WORLD, 

Twice a month. Edited by the Rev. Dr. Newton. 100 copies, $24.00 per annum. 
Catalogues and Specimens of papers furnished on application to 

ALEX. KIRKPATRICK, Superintendent of Depositories, 

1122 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 



MANUKACTURliRS OF 

GRAND, SQUARE, AND UPRIGHT PIANOS. 

These Celebrated Instruments have been Awarded 
THE PRIZE MEDAL of the 

INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 

And are fully indorsed by the following Eminent Artists : 



Prof. CASL WOUrSOHlT, 

" UICEAEL E. CB0S3, 

" A. BZ5Z1TS, 

" JE117L07I3, 

" KABS HASSLES, 

" OE0BOE70GT, 

" CABLSEBVBHA, 

" H. 0. THTJOTEB, 




Prof. FA6Q. BOiTDIKELLA, 

" J06EFE EHECHT, 

" r. D'AUBU, 

" CA5LGEKTZ, 

" 8IU017 HASSLES, 

" WM. 0. VOQT, 

" E. L. C0NITELL7, 

" WH. J. LEMON, 



49" Our prices are moderate, and every instrument is warranted to give satisfaction. 

49* S€nd for our Illustrated Catalogue, cont.iining full p.Trticulars, with description, prices, etc. Mailed free on application. 

SCHOM ACKER PIANO FORTE MANUF'G CO., 

Warerooms, 1103 CHESTNUT STREET, Phila. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



1334 CHESTNUT STREET. 



THE BEST PLACE TO BUY 

RELIGIOUS BOOKS, 

SABBATH-SCHOOL. BOOKS, 

SABBATH-SCHOOL REQUISITES, 



oh:i?.ois^os, ZE^E-^ATj^K^ID ticicets, eto. 

In addition to its own list, which is very full, the Board keeps a large assortment of the publications 
of other houses. 



Special Attention given to the Selection of Sabbath- School Libraries. 

PHCENIXVILLE BRIDGE WORKS. 



GLiARKE, RBSVEIS t£ CO.^ 

Engineers and Builders 

IRON BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, ROOFS, ETC. 

The attention of the officers of railway companies is called to our 
showing the various styles of 

IRON RAILWAY BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, Etc., 

that we have constructed and are prepared to construct. We will send it by mail on application to our 
address, 

410 WALNUT STREET. Philadelphia. 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 



PRESCOTT'S WORKS 

CaOWN OCTAVO EDITION. 

COMPLETE IN FIFTEEN UNIFORM VOLUMES. 

Each Volume with Portrait on Steel. 



PrraeoWa History of the Reign of Ferdinand and 
Imabella the Catliolic. 3 vols. 

Preaeott'B History of the Conquest of Mexico, 3 
vols. 

Prescott's Hiittory of the Reign of Philip the 
Second, King of Spain. 3 vols. 

Prescott's History of the Conquest of Peru, 2 vols. 

Prescott's Robertson's History of the Reign of the 
Emperor Charles the Fifth. 3 vols. 

Prescott's Biographical and Critical Miscel- 
lanies, With Portrait of Author, i vol. 

EACH WORK SOLD SEPARATELY. 



Price per vol. : CM/t, $2.50 ; Library Sheep, %t,.oo; Half 

Calf, gill extra, marble edges, %^.^ci ; Half 

Turkey, gilt to/>, ti-io. 



M^ For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, 
postpaid, on receipt of the price by 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 

715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. 

TWO NEW and BEAUTIFUL EDITIONS OF 

THACKERAY'S WORKS. 

Profusely Illustrated with Steel Plates and 

Wood-cuts, and Beautifully Printed 

on Fine Tinted Paper. 



THE CROWN EDITION. 

Complete in 11 vols. Crown Octavo. Bound in Extra 
Cloth. $3.25 per vol. 
THE CABINET EDITION. 

Complete in 22 vols. Crown Octavo. Bound in Extra 
Cloth. $■2.00 per vol. 

P'.mbracing the following, sold separately : 

Vanity Fair— The Virginians— The Adventures 
of Philip — The Book of Snobs— Christmas 
Books — Dennis Duval — Pendennis— Henry 
Esmond— The Irish Sketch Book— Burlesfjues 
—Ballads and Tales— The Story of Catherine— 
The Newcomes— Barry Lyndon— The Paris 
Sketch Book— The Roundabout Papers— The 
Four Qeorges. 

"The finest editions of Thackeray's works which have yet 
appearcii in this country. With creamy, tinted pai)cr of solid 
material, fair, clear type, generous margin, and, to cap all, 
with illustrations scattered profusely through the book from 
Thackeray's own hand, what more could he desired by the 
thousands who admire 'I'hackeray as the prince of novelists?" 
— Boston IVatchtnaH and Rtjlector. 



THE WORKS 

OF 

Washington Irving. 



I. THE KNICKERBOCKER EDITION. 

Profusely Illustrated with Steel Plates and Wood-cuts. 
27 vols. Large i2mo. Extra Cloth, Gilt. Per vol., J;2.50. 
H.alf Calf, (;ilt. Per vol., I4.00. 

II. THE RIVERSIDE EDITION. 

With Steel Plates. 26 vols. i6nio. Cloth, Gilt. Per 
vol.,Ji.75. Half Calf, Gilt. Per vol., 1(3.25. 

III. THE PEOPLE'S EDITION. 

26 vols. i6mo. With Steel Vignette Titles. Cloth. 
Per vol., |i. 25. Half Calf Per vol., $2. 50. 

IV. THE Sl/NNYSIDE EDITION. 

With Steel Plates. 28 vols. ijmo. Cloth. Per vol., 
$2.25. Half Calf, Gilt. Per vol., J4. 00. 

Embracing the following, sold separately : 
Braeebridge Hall — Wolfert's Roost — Sketch Book 
— Traveler — KnickerbosJcer — Crayon Miscellan^y 
— Ooldstnith — Alhambra — Cohimbua, 3 vols.— 
Astoria — Bonneville — Mahomet, 3 vols. — O-ra- 
nada — Salmagundi — Spanish Papers — Wash- 
ington, G vols. — Life and Letters, 3 vols. 



*^Fbr sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, 
ostpaid, on receipi of price by 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 

715 and 717 Market St., PhUadelphia. 



ffg- For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, 
postpaid, on receipt of price by 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 

716 and 717 Market St., PhUadelphia. 

"Legible, Portable, Handsome and Cheap." 

THE GLOBE EDITION 

OK 

BULWER'S NOVELS. 



This edition of the Novels of Sir EDWARD BULWER 
LYTTON, Bart. (Lord Lytton), is complete in Twenty-three 
neat i6mo Volumes, printed on Tinted Paper, with Engraved 
Frontispiece, each of the volumes averaging over 700 pages, 
handsomely bound in Green Morocco Cloth. Pnce, $1.50 
per vol. Also bound in a variety of handsome styles, suitable 
for presents. 

The following are each complete in one volume: 
The Caxtons — Felham — Eugene Aram — The Last of 
the Barons — Lucretia -Devereux— The Last Days 
of Pompeii — Rienzi — Godolphin — A Strange 
Story — Zanoni— Harold — Leila, Pilgrims of the 
Rhine and Calderon— Night and Morning— Ern- 
est Maltravers — Alice— Paul Clifford — The Dis- 
owned — Kenelm Chillingly. 
The following are complcle in two volumes : 
"My Novel"— What will He do with It! 

" Wc have more than once commended the Globe as the 
best edition of Bulwer accessible to American readers." — 
Cinii. Gazette. 

" The beauty of this edition has frequently challenged our 
admiration, and it cert.ainly deserves commendation." — CAi- 
I'O-go Evening JoHrnal. 

EACH NitrEL SOLD SEPARATELY. 

tl-l)_ For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail 
pii>lpald, nn receipi of the price by 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 

71B and 717 Market St., Philadelphia, 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS— ADVERTISER. 1 1 

P. GUTEKUNST, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



Special attention is invited to SEVEEAL NEW STYLES OP PIOTUEES, highly artistic 
and beautiful, never before produced in any gallery in this city. 

G. R. STARKEY, A.M., M.D., 

DISPENSER OF THE 

COMPOUND OXYGEN, 

^N AGENT UN EQUALED AS A VITALIZER AND PHYSICAL REGENERATOR. 

Documents, Terms, and a Record of most brilliant cures sent on receipt of a postage stamp. 

^"^^ 1116 SIRARD STREET, Philadelphia. 

JAMISS R. WEBB, 

IMPORTER AND DEALER IN THE 

Finest Teas, Coffees, Spices, and Choice Groceries, 

S. E. COR. WALNUT AND EIGHTH STS., PHILADELPHIA. 

ESTABLISHED IN 1883. 



PURE WINES AND LIQUORS FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES. 

Particular attention paid to the selection of TEAS and COFFEES, 
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